Upper GI probs

Question 1

upper G.I.

Answer 1

Esophagus
Stomach
Beginning of small intestines

Question 2

lower G.I.

Answer 2

Small intestines
colon
Large intestines
Rectum/anus

Question 3

esophageal problems

Answer 3

GERD
Hiatal hernia

Question 4

inflammation disorders of stomach

Answer 4

Gastritis
Acute gastroenteritis
PUD

Question 5

what is difficulty swallowing?

Answer 5

Dysphasia

Question 6

causes of dysphasia

Answer 6

Mechanical obstruction
Neuromuscular dysfunction

Question 7

mechanical obstruction involves

Answer 7

Stenosis
Stricter
Diverticula
Tumors

Question 8

neuromuscular dysfunction involves

Answer 8

Stroke
Achalasia
Intubation, trach

Question 9

achalasia

Answer 9

Lower esophageal sphincter can’t open properly

Question 10

GERD

Answer 10

Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Heartburn

Question 11

Patho of GERD

Answer 11

Lower esophageal sphincter doesn’t close properly
Backflow of gastric acid from stomach to esophagus

Question 12

etiology of GERD

Answer 12

Alters closure strength of lower esophageal sphincter or increased abdominal pressure

Question 13

examples of causes of altering closer strength or increasing abdominal pressure

Answer 13

fatty, spicy foods
Tomato-based foods
Citrus
Caffeine, lots of alcohol
Smoking
Sleep position
Obesity
Pregnancy
Pharmacologic agents

Question 14

s/sx GERD

Answer 14

Heartburn
Dyspepsia
Regurgitation
Chest pain
Dysphasia
Pulmonary symptoms

Question 15

Another name for heartburn

Answer 15

Pyrosis

Question 16

complications of GERD

Answer 16

ulcerations, scarring, strictures
Barrett esophagus

Question 17

Barrett esophagus

Answer 17

development of abnormal metaplastic tissue – premalignant
Increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of esophagus

Question 18

hiatal hernia

Answer 18

Defect in diaphragm that allows part of stomach to pass into the thorax

Question 19

sliding hernia

Answer 19

Usually small, not much treatment needed
perinium stays in tact

Question 20

Paraesophageal hernia

Answer 20

part of stomach pushes through diaphragm and stays there

Peritoneum becomes thin and protrudes into diaphragm

Question 21

Which type of hernia is less severe

Answer 21

Sliding hernia

Question 22

What does a rolling hernia refer to?

Answer 22

Paraesophageal hernia

Question 23

pathophys hiatal hernia

Answer 23

exact causes unknown, age-related

Injury or other damage and weakness of the diaphragm muscle

Question 24

What are forms of repeated pressure on muscles?

Answer 24

severe cough
Vomiting
Constipation
Straining with bowel movement

Question 25

risk factors of GERD

Answer 25

Older age Obesity Smoking

Question 26

T/F GERD can be asymptomatic

Answer 26

True

Question 27

s/sx GERD

Answer 27

Severe belching Dysphasia Chest/epigastric pain

Question 28

Conservative treatment

Answer 28

teach small, frequent meals Avoid lying down after eating Avoid tight clothing and abdominal supports Weight control for obese patients Antacids for esophagitis sx Surgery if conservative treatment doesn’t work

Question 29

T/F you can have GERD and a hiatal hernia the same time

Answer 29

True