thyroid

Question 1

thyroid gland

Answer 1

2 inch butterfly shaped gland located in the neck

Question 2

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 2

T3 and thyroxine T4

Question 3

What is the function of thyroxine T4?

Answer 3

Regulator of body metabolism that influences almost all body systems

Question 4

what is the necessary component in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Answer 4

Iodine

Question 5

feedback loop of thyroid gland

Answer 5

Hypothalamus
(release TRH)
Anterior pituitary
(release TSH)
Thyroid gland
Thyroxine

Question 6

what type of disorders are most common for thyroid dysfunction?

Answer 6

Primary disorders

Question 7

Who are thyroid disorders more likely in?

Answer 7

Women

Question 8

goiter

Answer 8

Enlargement of the thyroid, with or without dysfunction

Excess pituitary TSH, low iodine

Question 9

Hypo thyroidism

Answer 9

Insufficient thyroid hormones, T3, and T4

Question 10

Primary hypothyroidism

Answer 10

Increased release of TSH from pituitary

Question 11

secondary hypothyroidism

Answer 11

Not secreting, T3 and T4, decreased TSH

Question 12

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Answer 12

Autoimmune, most common type of hypo thyroidism

Question 13

Risk factors of hypothyroidism

Answer 13

female, >50
Caucasian
Pregnant
Meds
History of auto immune disease
Family history
Treatment for hyper thyroidism

Question 14

s/sx early

Answer 14

Cold intolerance
Increased weight
Lethargy, fatigue
Memory deficits, poor attention span
Increase cholesterol
muscle cramps
Increased carotene levels – yellow skin
Constipation
Decreased fertility
Puffy face
Hair loss, brittle nails

Question 15

s/sx late

Answer 15

below normal temperature
Decreased heart rate
Weight gain
Decreased LOC
thickened skin
Horse voice
Hyper lipidemia
Decreased filtration of kidney
Anemia
cardiac complications

Question 16

myxedema

Answer 16

severe hypothyroidism – coma

Dermatologic changes that associate with hypo thyroidism: second skin, hair, loss, puffy, eyes, scaly skin

Question 17

Diagnosis of hypo thyroidism

Answer 17

increased TSH
Decreased T3 and T4
Anti-thyroglobulin
Anti-peroxidase antibodies

Question 18

hyper thyroidism

Answer 18

Thyrotoxicosis
Increased excretion of T3 and T4

Question 19

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 19

graves’ disease
Auto immune stimulation of thyroid gland

Question 20

where does primary hyperparathyroidism occur?

Answer 20

Thyroid

Question 21

where does secondary hyperthyroidism occur?

Answer 21

Pituitary

Question 22

where does tertiary hyperthyroidism occur?

Answer 22

Hypothalamus

Question 23

other causes of hyperthyroidism

Answer 23

Thyroid cancer
Subacute thyroiditis
Toxic multinodular, goiter
Excess Iodine ingestion – Jod basedon syndrome
Excess replacement therapy

Question 24

Risk factors for hyperthyroidism

Answer 24

Family history of Graves’ disease
Age greater than 40
Women, Caucasian
Meds
excess iodine intake
Pregnant

Question 25

t/f Graves’ disease is a primary condition

Answer 25

True

Question 26

s/sx hyperthyroidism

Answer 26

Nervous Insomnia Sensitive to heat weight loss Enlarged palpable gland Audible bruit A fib Myxedema Exopthalmos

Question 27

exophthalmos

Answer 27

Wide eyed stare associated with increased sympathetic tone, and infiltration of extraocular area with lymphocytes

Question 28

Graves opthalmopathy

Answer 28

Pre-orbital edema and bulging of eyes

Question 29

Who is exophthalmus more common in?

Answer 29

Women

Question 30

Diagnosis of Graves’ disease

Answer 30

Low TSH High T3 and T4 Anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody Ultrasound with color, Doppler evaluation Radioactive, Iodine scan

Question 31

thyrotoxic crisis/storm

Answer 31

Overwhelming release of thyroid hormones that exerts an intense stimulus on metabolism

Question 32

T/F thyrotoxic crisis is a life-threatening release of catecholamines

Answer 32

True

Question 33

parathyroid gland

Answer 33

For pea sized glands within thyroid tissue of the neck

Question 34

what does the parathyroid produce and secrete?

Answer 34

Parathyroid hormone – PTH

Question 35

function of parathyroid gland

Answer 35

Controls calcium levels Promotes vitamin D production by kidney

Question 36

hypo parathyroid ism

Answer 36

Insufficient, PTH, secretion and hypocalcemia

Question 37

s/sx hypo parathyroidism

Answer 37

Muscle cramps Irritability Tetany, convulsion Trousseaus and chovsteks

Question 38

treatment for hypo parathyroidism

Answer 38

Replace PTH Normalize serum, calcium, and vitamin D levels

Question 39

Hyper parathyroidism

Answer 39

Excessive secretion of PTH with hypercalcemia and bone break down

Question 40

s/sx hyper parathyroidism

Answer 40

Muscle weakness Poor concentration Neuropathy HTN Kidney stones Metabolic acidosis Osteopenia , fractures Constipation

Question 41

treatment of hyper parathyroidism

Answer 41

Decrease calcium levels Diuretics, calcitonin Biphosphonates Vitamin D