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Histology & Embryology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

main structures of urinary system (5)

A

Kidney –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder –> urethra

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2
Q

path of kidney vessels

A

renal artery –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus –> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillary plexus/vasa recta –> veins

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3
Q

Three areas of kidney nephrons

A

renal corpuscle

proximal tubule, nephron loop, distal tubule

juxtaglomerular apparatus

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4
Q

makes up the renal corpuscle (3)

A

glomerulus, glomerular space, glomerular capsule

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5
Q

what makes up the renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

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6
Q

filtration apparatus of the kidney (where blood supply meets nephron)

A

renal corpuscle

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7
Q

capillary plexus between afferent and efferent arterioles

A

glomerulus

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8
Q

what does the glomerulus contain (3)

A

fenestrated endothelium

intraglomerular mesangial cells

podocytes

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9
Q

produce internal half of basal lamina of glomerulus for filtration of elements of blood

A 
fenestrated endothelium 
(lamina rara interna)
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10
Q

two types of intraglomerular mesangial cells

A

phagocytic

contractile - regulate capillary blood flow

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11
Q

branched interdigitating cells covering external surface of the capillary, with numerous foot processes separated by slit pore diaphragm

A

podocytes

lamina rara externa

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12
Q

where are renal corpuscles found

A

renal cortex

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13
Q

barriers for filtration at renal glomerulus (3)

A

endothelium

basal lamina

podocyte slit diaphragm

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14
Q

slit diaphragm limits filtration based on _____

A

charge

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15
Q

Bowman’s capsule consists of (2)

A

Layer of simple squamous epithelium surrounding glomerulus

Bowman’s space

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16
Q

visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule is made of ____

parietal layer surrounds _____

A

podocytes

glomerulus

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17
Q

Bowman’s space collects ____ and sends it to the ____

A

ultrafiltrate

proximal tubule

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18
Q

What are the 3 renal tubules

A

proximal tubule

nephron loop (loop of Henle)

distal tubule

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19
Q

tissue of proximal tubule

A

cuboidal epithelium with brush border

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20
Q

four parts of loop of Henle

A

thick descending limb

thin descending limb

thick ascending limb

thin ascending limb

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21
Q

distal tubule contains the ______ which is adjacent to the afferent arteriole and part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

macula densa

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22
Q

path of ultrafiltrate

A

Bowman’s space -> proximal tubule -> thick descending limb of nephron loop -> thin descending limb -> thin ascending -> thick ascending limb -> distal tubule

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23
Q

Three parts of juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

macula densa

juxtaglomerular cells of afferent
arteriole

extraglomerular mesangial cells

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24
Q

what does the macula densa do?

A

senses Na+ in filtrate of distal tubule and communicates with JG cells

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25
JG cells contain _____ which activates RAAS to _______ and ______
renin vasoconstriction (increase BP) stimulate aldosterone secretion (increase blood volume)
26
where are the collecting tubules?
connected to the distal convoluted tubule
27
cells in the cortical region of the collecting tubules (2)
principal cells - sensitive to ADH and permeable to water intercalated cells - type A and type B for acid/base balance
28
type A intercalated cells make urine ____ | type B intercalated cells make urine ____
more acidic more basic
29
what's found in the papillary region of collecting tubules
ducts of bellini - confluence of collecting tubules
30
collecting _____ open into renal papilla
ducts
31
flow of urine from renal papilla
renal papilla --> minor calyx --> major calyx --> renal pelvis --> ureter
32
renal vessels receive _______ per minute
20% of total blood volume
33
arterial supply of renal vessels
renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole
34
efferent glomerular arteriole that drains cortical nephrons: efferent glomerular arteriole that drains glomeruli of juxtamedullary nephrons:
peritubular capillary plexus vasa recta
35
venous drainage of kidney
renal vein
36
lower urinary tract consists of (4)
renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra
37
receives urine from calyces
renal pelvis
38
urogenital region of embryo develops from
intermediate mesenchyme from dorsal wall of embryo
39
the urogenital ridge develops in week ____ and gives rise to (2)
4 nephrogenic cord - urinary system gonadal ridge - genital system
40
urinary system develops (before/after) genital system
before
41
3 sets of successive kidneys that develop
pronephroi mesonephroi metanephroi
42
only structures to persist from pronephroi
pronephric ducts (run caudally into cloaca)
43
successive kidneys- few clusters in neck region that quickly degenerate:
pronephroi
44
successive kidneys- develop cuadal to pronephroi; create urine between weeks 6-10; structures degenerate except the mesonephric tubules
mesonephroi
45
mesonephric tubules persist as
efferent ducts of the testes
46
mesonephroi consist of (2) pronephric ducts develop into ____
glomeruli and mesonephric tubules mesonephric ducts
47
primordia of permanent kidney that starts to develop at 5th week and functions at _____
metanephroi 9th week
48
2 sources from which permanent kidneys develop
ureteric bud metanephrogenic blastema
49
mesonephric tubules open up into ______ --> ______
mesonephric ducts --> cloaca
50
aka metanephric diverticulum outgrowth from mesonephric duct, near cloaca
ureteric bud
51
stalk of ureteric bud forms ____ cranial part of bud forms _____
ureter collecting tubules that continually divide (major/minor calices)
52
branching of metanephric diverticulum depends on induction from
surrounding mesoderm (metanephrogenic blastema)
53
how many nephrons formed at birth?
2 million
54
nephrons are derived from _____ collecting tubules are derived from _____ THESE TWO STRUCTURES NEED EACH OTHER TO DEVELOP NORMALLY
metanephrogenic blastema ureteric bud
55
as abdomen and pelvis grow, kidneys ______ and rotate ______
"ascend" medially almost 90 degrees
56
kidneys have contacted adrenal glands and are in final position by week __
9
57
divides cloaca into dorsal rectum and ventral urogenital sinus
urorectal septum
58
3 parts of urogenital sinus
vesical part pelvic part phallic part
59
vesical part of urogenital sinus forms:
most of bladder
60
pelvic part of urogenital sinus forms
urethra in neck of bladder (prostatic part in males and entire urethra in females)
61
phallic part of urogenital septum forms
female and male erectile tissue
62
bladder is continuous with allantois, which condenses to form ____
urachus
63
urachus later closes to form
medial umbilical ligament
64
________ absorbed and ureters come to open on bladder
mesonephric ducts
65
urethra is derived from ______ of _____
endoderm of urogenital sinus
66
absence of kidney (left usually absent and right hypertrophied)
unilateral renal agenesis
67
associated with oligohydramnios and incompatible with postnatal life
bilateral renal agenesis
68
poles of kidney are fused
horseshoe kidney
69
incomplete division of ureteric primordium results with single kidney and 2 ureters, or complete division results in double kidney with bifid or separate ureters
supernumerary kidney or ureter

Histology & Embryology (24 decks)

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