Lecture 5 - Pharyngeal Apparatus

Question 1

what does the pharyngeal apparatus do?

Answer 1

develops and formats the face and neck

Question 2

how many arches are in the pharyngeal apparatus?

Answer 2

6 (the 5th regresses)

Question 3

what does the pharyngeal apparatus consist of? (4)

Answer 3

pharyngeal arches
grooves
pouches
membranes

Question 4

pharyngeal arches develop in week __ from ________

Answer 4

4

neural crest cells

Question 5

what is the stomodeum (arches form near here)

Answer 5

primordia mouth

Question 6

separates stomodeum from pharynx.

ruptures at day 26, connecting pharynx and foregut

Answer 6

oropharyngeal membrane

Question 7

each arch consists of (4)

Answer 7

artery
nerve
cartilage rod
muscular component

Question 8

Artery, Nerve, Muscle, and Bone that arise from:

First (mandibular) pharyngeal arch

Answer 8

Artery –> maxillary and external carotid
Nerve –> CNV2 - maxillary, and CNV3 - Mandibular
Muscles –> MASS and MATT
Bones –> incus and malleus

Question 9

Artery, Nerve, Muscle, and Bone that arise from:

Second pharyngeal arch

Answer 9

Artery –> stapedial and hyoid
Nerve –> CNVII - facial
Muscle –> muscles of facial expression
Bone –> stapes, styloid process, lesser cornu of hyoid

Question 10

Artery, Nerve, Muscle, and Bone that arise from

Third pharyngeal arch

Answer 10

Artery –> common carotid
Nerve –> CNIX - glossopharyngeal
Muscle –> stylopharyngeus
Bone –> greater cornu of hyoid

Question 11

Artery, Nerve, Muscle, and Bone that arise from:

Fourth (and sixth) pharyngeal arch

Answer 11

Artery –> parts of aortic arch and branches
Nerve –> CNX - vagus
Muscle –> muscles of pharynx and larynx, cricothyroid
Bone –> laryngeal cartilages

Question 12

Pouches develop in sequence between the arches and contribute to the development of the ______

Answer 12

foregut

Question 13

pharyngeal membrane formed from

Answer 13

endoderm and ectoderm in pouches that pinch together

Question 14

foregut = ________ and __________

Answer 14

pharynx and esophagus

Question 15

first pharyngeal pouch forms the

first pharyngeal membrane forms the

Answer 15

tubotympanic process (middle ear cavity)

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Question 16

second pharyngeal pouch forms the

Answer 16

palatine tonsil

Question 17

third pharyngeal pouch forms the (2)

Answer 17

inferior parathyroid glands

thymus

Question 18

fourth pharyngeal pouch forms the

Answer 18

superior parathyroid glands

Question 19

ONE pair of pharyngeal grooves contributes to adult structure. Which is it?

Answer 19

1st pair becomes the external acoustic meatus

Question 20

Two syndromes from abnormal development of first arch

Answer 20

Treacher Collins

  - gene defect
  - underdevelopment of bones of face

Pierre Robin sequence

  - sporadic
  - hypoplasia of bones of face

Question 21

First endocrine gland to develop

Answer 21

thyroid

Question 22

endodermal thickening that forms the thyroid primordium descends in the neck through the ________ and reaches final spot and shape by ___ weeks

Answer 22

thyroglossal duct

7

Question 23

What is DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 23

born without thymus and parathyroid gland

Question 24

Swellings that contribute to formation of tongue (3)

Answer 24

medial lingual (gets overgrown by)
two lateral lingual

Question 25

two lateral lingual swellings fuse and form:

Which is then marked by (2);

Answer 25

anterior 2/3 of tongue

midline groove and lingual septum

Question 26

terminal sulcus demarcates

Answer 26

anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 27

posterior 1/2 of tongue formed by (2):

Answer 27

copula (parts of 2nd arch)

hypopharyngeal eminence (parts of 3rd and 4th arches)

Question 28

Diaphragm comes from which for embryonic components?

Answer 28

Septum transversum

Dorsal mesentery of esophagus

muscular growth from lateral body walls

pleuroperitoneal membranes

Question 29

forms central tendon of diaphragm

Answer 29

septum transversum