Circulatory System

Question 1

Large arteries:

Medium arteries:

Answer 1

Elastic (conducting)

Muscular (distributing)

Question 2

arteries that:

• contain more elastic fibers
• conduct blood from heart to medium-sized arteries

Answer 2

large arteries (elastic)

Question 3

arteries that:

• have more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers
• distribute blood to body
• vasoconstrict and vasodilate

Answer 3

medium (muscular)

Question 4

very small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

Answer 4

arterioles

Question 5

connect arterioles and venules

vessels for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste

Answer 5

capillaries

Question 6

Vessel tunics (3)

Answer 6

tunica intima

tunica media

tunica adventitia

Question 7

vascular supply to large vessels

Answer 7

vasa vasorum

Question 8

surround capillaries with arm-like processes

help control flow of blood through the capillary and exchange of materials

Answer 8

pericytes

Question 9

3 types of capillaries

Answer 9

continuous

fenestrated

sinusoidal

Question 10

capillaries with non-fenestrated endothelium

tightly controlled transport (found in BBB)

Answer 10

continuous

Question 11

capillaries with fenestrated epithelium

found in renal glomerulus

Answer 11

fenestrated

Question 12

capillaries with large lumen and leaky walls

found in spleen

Answer 12

sinusoidal

Question 13

layers of heart wall (4)

Answer 13

endocardium

myocardium

epicardium

pericardial sac

Question 14

path of conduction through heart

Answer 14

SA node –> R atrium walls –> AV node –> bundle of His –> R & L bundle branches –> Purkinje fibers –> ventricle walls

Question 15

3 pairs of veins that bring blood to tubular (embryo) heart

Answer 15

vitelline veins

umbilical vein (1)

cardinal veins

Question 16

remnants of cardinal veins form (5)

Answer 16

superior VC
inferior VC
left brachiocephalic
azygos
common iliac veins

Question 17

remnants of vitelline vein form (2)

Answer 17

hepatic vein

hepatic portal vein

Question 18

3 paired arteries in development

Answer 18

dorsal aorta

vitelline arteries

umbilical arteries

Question 19

dorsal aorta fuse to form

Answer 19

abdominal aorta

Question 20

vitelline arteris form (3)

Answer 20

celiac artery trunk
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

Question 21

umbilical arteries supply _______ to placenta and proximal parts become ________

Answer 21

deoxygenated

internal iliac arteries

Question 22

late in week 3, _______ canalize to form two _________

Answer 22

angioblastic cords

endocardial tubes

Question 23

when embryo undergoes lateral folding the endocardial tubes become

Answer 23

one heart tube

Question 24

5 dilations that appear in heart tube (cranial to caudal)

Answer 24

truncus arteriosus
bulbus cordis
ventricle 
atrium
sinus venosus

Question 25

bend at junction of bulbus cordis and primitive ventricle that forms at 23 days

Answer 25

bulboventricular loop

Question 26

what leads to folding of the heart tube?

Answer 26

faster growth of the ventricle and bulbus cordis

Question 27

after heart folding, inflow is now _______ rather than _______ and outflow is now ______ rather than ________

Answer 27

posterior; caudal anterior; cranial

Question 28

blood flow through primitive heart

Answer 28

sinus venosus --> primordial atrium --> atrioventricular canal --> primordial ventricle --> bulbus cordis --> truncus arteriosus --> aortic sac --> aortic arches

Question 29

sinus venosus becomes

Answer 29

coronary sinus and smooth inflow of RA

Question 30

primordial atrium becomes

Answer 30

L auricle and rough part of RA

Question 31

bulbus cordis becomes

Answer 31

conus arteriosus (RV) and aortic vestibule (LV)

Question 32

truncus arteriosus becomes

Answer 32

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 33

major points of atrial division

Answer 33

foramen primum - opening between common atrium septum primum - first membrane to form foramen secundum - develops from septum primum septum secundum - grows to right side of septum primum; grows to form flap valve with septum primum foramen ovale fossa ovalis

Question 34

flap valve that allows some fetal/embryo blood to bypass the RV

Answer 34

foramen ovale

Question 35

left atrium forms from

Answer 35

incorporation of the pulmonary vein on the posterior surface of the left side of the primitive atrium

Question 36

what fuses to form aorticopulmonary septum?

Answer 36

bulbar ridges and truncal ridges

Question 37

bending of heart tube to the left instead of right

Answer 37

dextrocardia

Question 38

bending of heart tube to left WITH abdomen mirror image

Answer 38

dextrocardia with situs inversus

Question 39

heart partially or entirely exposed on surface of thorax

Answer 39

ectopia cordis

Question 40

most common atrial septal defect

Answer 40

patent oval foramen (foramen ovale remains open)

Question 41

results from failure of ridges and aorticopulmonary septum to develop normally. most common is a single arterial trunk

Answer 41

persistent truncus arteriosus | (VSD always accompanies)

Question 42

4 defects of tetralogy of fallot

Answer 42

VSD pulmonary stenosis overriding aorta RV hypertrophy

Question 43

edges of aortic valve fuse to form a dome, causing a heart murmur

Answer 43

aortic valve stenosis

Question 44

aortic blood shunted in pulmonary artery

Answer 44

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 45

fetal circulation

Answer 45

umbilical vein (oxy blood to heart) --> ductus venosus (shunt around liver to connect IVC) --> foramen ovale (shunt from RA to LA) --> ductus arteriosus (from pulm arteries to aorta) --> umbilical arteries (2) (from descending aorta to placenta)

Question 46

umbilical vein forms

Answer 46

ligamentum teres

Question 47

ductus venosus forms

Answer 47

ligamentum venosum (round ligament of liver)

Question 48

foramen ovale forms

Answer 48

fossa ovalis

Question 49

ductus arteriosus forms

Answer 49

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 50

umbilical arteries form

Answer 50

medial umbilical ligaments