URTI Flashcards
(30 cards)
Common URTI symptoms x5
Sore throat
Sinusitis
Ear ache
Coryza
Stridor
Common LRTI symptoms x3
Wheeze
Cough
Respiratory Distess
Features of Moderate respiratory distress x5
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Nasal flaring
Head bobbing
Use of accessory muscles
Features of severe respiratory distress x4
Cyanosis
Tiring
O2 < 92%
Loss of consciousness
Children susceptible to respiratory failure x5
Ex preterm
Cystic fibrosis
Immunodeficient
Muscle disorders
Congenital heart disease
Sounds produced in Upper (2) and lower (2) airway narrowing
Upper: stridor and snoring
Lower: wheeze and crepitation
Describe the physiology of inspiration
It is an active process
Uses intercostal and diaphragm muscles
There is contraction and downward movement of diaphragm coupled with outward and upward movement of rib cage resulting in increased intrathoracic volume. This results in decreased intrathoracic pressure lower than atmospheric pressure allowing air to flow into the thorax down the gradient
Describe the physiology of expiration
There is decrease in intrathoracic volume which causes subsequent increase in intrathoracic pressure resulting in air flowing of of thorax to atmosphere down the pressure gradient
What separates upper and lower respiratory tract
Larynx
Why would an URTI present with a cough x2
Attempt to clear upper airway secretions
Secondary to post nasal drip
Muscles important for respiration x2
Intercoastal muscles
Diaphragm
Define coryza and its features x3
Inflammation of the nasal cavity
Stuffy nose
Sneezing
Post nasal drip
How can a sore throat present x3
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis
Enlarged tender lymph nodes
Viruses (3) and bacteria (1) causing a sore throat
Virus- rhinovirus, adenovirus and enterovirus
Group A B hemolytic streptococcus
Pathogens causing tonsillitis x2
Group A B hemolytic streptococcus
EBV
Viruses causing coryza x3
RSV
Rhinovirus
Corona virus
Management of a sore throat, duration and rationale for the duration
Penicillin or erythromycin
10 days to eradicate the bacteria and prevent rheumatic fever
Signs and symptoms suggesting tonsillitis secondary to a bacterial infection x5
Apathy
Headache
Abdominal pain
White tonsillar exudate
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Which drug should be taken with precaution when managing tonsillitis and why
Amoxicillin- causes widespread maculopapular rash if the tonsillitis is due to EBV
Describe scarlet fever and it’s management
A sandpaper like maculopapular rash, flushed cheeks and spares the perioral region
Penicillin v or erythromycin
Complications of scarlet fever x2
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Indications for tonsillectomy x3
Recurrent severe infections
Peritonsillar abscess
Obstructive sleep apnea
Why are inflamed more prone to acute otitis media
Short and straight Eustachian tube that functions poorly
What does the tympanic membrane look like in AOM x3
Red
Bulging
Loss of normal light red reflection
