Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

Signs of impending complete airway obstruction x3

Answer 1

Drooling
Cyanosis
Reduced level of consciousness

Question 2

Most common cause of stridor

Answer 2

Viral laryngotracheobronchitis ie croup

Question 3

Differential diagnosis for stridor x5

Answer 3

Epiglottis
Bacterial tracheitits
Retropharyngeal abscess
Foreign body aspiration
Allergic laryngeal angioedema

Question 4

Management of croup x2

Answer 4

Steriods - PO or nebs
Nebulized adrenaline

Question 5

Causes of chronic stridor x3

Answer 5

Subglottic stenosis
Laryngomalacia
External compression

Question 6

Causative agent for epiglottis and the common age group

Answer 6

Hemophilus influenza type B
Ages 1-6 years

Question 7

Signs of hyperinflation of chest x2

Answer 7

Sternum prominent
Liver displaced down

Question 8

Causative agents of bronchiolitis x6

Answer 8

RSV- respiratory syncytial virus
Adenovirus
Rhino virus
Influenza virus
Parainfluenza virus
Human metapneumovirus

Question 9

Children at a risk of severe bronchiolitis x3

Answer 9

Infants born premature who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Infants with underlying lung disease
Infants with congenital heart diseases

Question 10

Characteristic examination findings of bronchiolitis x5

Answer 10

Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Wheeze
Hyperinflation of the chest
Fine end inspiratory crackles
Sucostal and intercostal recessions

Question 11

Indications for hospital admission for bronchiolitis x5

Answer 11

Apnea
O2<90% on room air
Low oral fluid intake
Marked chest recessions
Grunting
RR>70

Question 12

Prevention of bronchiolitis

Answer 12

Palivizumab given monthly IM
- monoclonal antibody to RSV

Question 13

Risk factors of viral episodic wheeze x2

Answer 13

Maternal smoking
Prematurity

Question 14

Atopic triad

Answer 14

Asthma
Eczema
Rhinitis/Hay fever

Question 15

Causes of wheeze x5

Answer 15

Asthma
Viral induced
Cystic fibrosis
Foreign body aspiration
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 16

Flow diagram for asthma

Answer 16

Genetics + atopy + environmental factors > bronchial inflammation (edema, mucus, inflammatory cells) > bronchial hyperresponsivenes > airway narrowing

Question 17

Features suggestive of asthma x5

Answer 17

Interval symptoms
Non viral triggers
Symptoms worse at night
Symptoms relieved by asthma therapy
Personal or family history of an atopic disease

Question 18

Relievers (2) and preventers (2) of asthma

Answer 18

R- short acting beta agonists
Anticholinergic bronchodilator
P- inhaled steroids
Long acting B agonists

Question 19

Causes of acute Breathlessness in an older child x5

Answer 19

FBA
Asthma
Anaphylaxis
Pneumothorax
Metabolic acidosis in DKA

Question 20

Asthma relievers x2

Answer 20

Shart acting bea agonists- salbutamol
Anticholinergic bronchodilators - ipratropium bromide

Question 21

Asthma preventers x2

Answer 21

Inhaler corticosteroids
Long acting beta agonits

Question 22

Side effects of corticosteroids x3

Answer 22

Adrensl suppression
Altered bone metabolism
Impaired growth

Question 23

Most common cause of pneumonia in neonates

Answer 23

Group b Streptococcus

Question 24

Most common causes of pneumonia in infants x5

Answer 24

RSV
Chlamydia
H influenza
Strep pneumoniae
Bordetella pertussis

Question 25

Most common causes of pneumonia in over children > 5 years x3

Answer 25

Chlamydia Mycoplasma pneumoniae Strep pneumoniae