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Step 1 (Molly) > Uworld 2 > Flashcards

Uworld 2 Flashcards

1
Q

VHL

A

chromosome 3
tumor suppresor

RCC, pheos, hemangioblastomas in cerebellum

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2
Q

tumor suppressor: CDKN2A

A

melanoma, pancreatic cancer

p16, blocks G1–> s

9p21

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3
Q

conditions that predispose to aortic dissection

A

chronic HTN, marfans

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4
Q

cardio effects of normal excersice?

A

increase HR (decrease vagal tone in response to increase symp)
decrease end systolic LV volume
increase end diastolic LV volume

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5
Q

brain development

A

PMnR (pros, mes, rhomb)

P –> Telencephalon, diencephalon
M –> that’s all (Meeeesencephalon for just me)
R –> meta, meylo

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6
Q

brain development of the brain stem

A

**Mesen –> meta –> myelo (alphabetical order from the midbrain down)

Mesen= midbrain
meta= pons, upper 4th vent
myelo= medulla, lower 4th vent
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7
Q

alcoholic cerebellar degeneration

A

vermis, broad based gait

rhombencephelon

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8
Q

where does the cerebellum develop from?

A

rhombencephalon

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9
Q

leucine zipper

A

transcription factor

two alpha helix monomers with leucine every 7th residue

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10
Q

iliopsoas sign

A

appy

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11
Q

causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
ABCCCD
alcohol
beriberi
cocaine, coxsackie b, chagas
doxorubicin toxicity

hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, peripartum

SYSTOLIC DYSFX

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12
Q

nephrotic syndromes (the rest are nephritics)

A 
membranous neph --> GRANULAR  deposits, #1 in adults
MCD --> kids
FSGS --> HIV
Amyloidosis
Diabetic nephropathy
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13
Q

what stain distinguishes between partail and complete mole?

A

p57 –> paternally imprinted, but MATERNALLY expressed.

complete moles are p57 NEGATIVE

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14
Q

retinoids

A

intranuclear Vit A receptor

increase normalization of keratin, cause cell turnover, prevents microcomedos

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15
Q

diaphragm apertures

A

1) vena caval opening
2) aortic hiatus: aortic, azygos vein, thoracic duct
3) esophageal hiatus: esophagus, post/ant trunks of VAGUS

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16
Q

CCBs (dihydros) are effective in angina because?

A

vasodilitory effect, decrease afterload

17
Q

MODY

A

maturity onset diabetes

deficiency of GLUCOKINASE –> increased threshold for insulin release

18
Q

HLA b27 associations

A

reactive arthritis
psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondy
IBD

19
Q

peutz jager

A
  • AD (SKT11- serine/threonine mutation)
  • hamartomas in GI
  • hyperpigmented mouth/lips/hands/genitalia

Increaesd risk of breast GI cancer

20
Q

lipomas vs liposarcoma

A

liposarcoma has scalloping, multiple mitosis

21
Q

hemidesmosomes vs desmosomes

A

HEMIdesmosomes attach to BM

desmosomes attach adjacent keratinocytes

22
Q

pemphus vulgaris

A
  • antibodies against desmoglein –> attacks desmosome junctions
  • skin, oral lesions
  • absoe hensin sign –> extension of lesion with direct pressure
23
Q

alcohol cerebellar degeneration causes…?

A

loss of purkinje cells in cerebellar vermis

24
Q

alkoptonuria

A
  • darkening of urine upon standing (homogenistic aciduria)
  • osteoarthropathy (pigment depot in spine and joints)
  • blue black discoloration of skin

AR defect in homogenistic acid metabolism

25
Q

electrolytes in acute tissue ischemia

A
  • XS K+ leak into extracellular space
  • Ca++ in cytoplasm
  • reduced Na, Ca, HCO3 in extracellular space

Without O2, ATPase pumps break down and ions leak

26
Q

marfan vs homocystinuria

A

marfans has aortic root dilation, UPWARD lens dislocation

homo has MENTAL DELAY and DOWNWARD lens dislocation (down with the homies)

27
Q

why is heparin safer than warfarin in pregnancy?

A

heparin is charged (water soluble) so it doesn’t cross the placenta

warf is lipopphilc so it gets from mom to baby

28
Q

pathognemonic path finding in rabies?

A

eosinophilic negri bodies in hippocampal neurons

29
Q

orlistat

A

intestinal lipase inhibitor that prevents absorption of fat

30
Q

SD rule in stats?

A

68/95/99

Step 1 (Molly) (30 decks)

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