Verbs Flashcards
1
Q
active voice, present indicative
A
O/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt
2
Q
active voice, future indicative, groups 1 and 2
A
bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt
3
Q
active voice, Imperfect indicative
A
bam, bas, bat, bamus, batis, bant
4
Q
active voice, perfect indicative
A
i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt
5
Q
active voice, future perfect indicative
A
ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint
6
Q
active voice, pluperfect indicative
A
eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant
7
Q
MEANING, active voice, present indicative
A
…DOING
8
Q
MEANING, active voice, future simple indicative
A
…shall/will…
9
Q
MEANING, active voice, Imperfect indicative
A
…was/were…
10
Q
MEANING, active voice, perfect indicative
A
…have/ has …
…DONE
11
Q
MEANING, active voice, future perfect indicative
A
…shall/will have…
12
Q
MEANING, active voice, pluperfect indicative
A
…had…
13
Q
passive voice, present indicative
A
r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur
14
Q
passive voice, future simple indicative
A
bor, beris (re), bitur, bimur, bimini, buntur
15
Q
passive voice, imperfect indicative
A
bar, baris, batur, bamur, bamini, bantur
16
Q
passive voice, perfect indicative
A
tus sum, tus es, tus est, ti sumus, ti sumus, ti estis, ti sunt
17
Q
passive voice, future perfect indicative
A
tus ero, tus eris, tus erit, ti erimus, ti eritis, ti erunt
18
Q
passive voice, pluperfect indicative
A
tus eram, tus eras, tus erat, ti eramus, ti eratis, ti erant
19
Q
MEANING, passive voice, present indicative
A
… am/ are being…
20
Q
MEANING, passive voice, future simple indicative
A
…shall/ will be…
21
Q
MEANING, passive voice, imperfect indicative
A
…was/were being…
22
Q
MEANING, passive voice, perfect indicative
A
…have/has been…
…was/were…
23
Q
MEANING, passive voice, future perfect indicative
A
…shall/ will have been…
24
Q
MEANING, passive voice, pluperfect indicative
A
…had been…
25
1st group, Infinitive ending
Are
26
2nd group, infinitive ending
Ere
27
First principal part
-O
First person singular
Present active indicative
28
Second principle part
-are/ere/ere/ire
| Present active INFINITIVE (to desire)
29
Third principal part
-avi
First person singular
Perfect active indicative (I desired, I have desired)
30
Fourth principal part
-atus
| Perfect passive participle (having been desired, desired)
31
Subjunctive mood is for
Idea, intent, desire, uncertainty, potentiality, anticipation
32
1st group, Present active Subjunctive
Change the A to E
Em, es, et, emus, etis, ent
Recognisable by the 'e'
33
Imperfect active subjunctive
Infinitive + personal endings
Are/ere/ire + m, s, t, mus, tis, nt
E.g: optarem, optares, optaret, opteremus, optaretis, optarent
34
Perfect active subjunctive
Perfect stem + eri + personal endings
av/ev/ep/s + eri + m, s, t, mus, tis, nt
35
Pluperfect active subjunctive
Perfect stem + isse + personal endings
av/ev/ep/s + isse + m, s, t, mus, tis, nt
36
Conditional sentence
Two clauses
An IF (si/nisi) clause and a concluding one
37
Conditional sentence, present subjunctive in both clauses
A less vivid future
If he should work, he would desire money
38
Conditional sentence, imperfect subjunctive in both clauses
Present contrary-to-fact
(Untrue or hypothesised)
If he were (now) working (but he is not), he would be desiring money (he would desire money)
39
Conditional sentence, pluperfect subjunctive in both clauses
Past contrary-to-fact
(Untrue or hypothesised)
If he had (in the past) worked (but he did not), he would have desired money
40
Genitive + accusation/condemnation verbs
Express the charge or penalty
41
2nd Group, Present active Subjunctive
Replace the e with ea
M,s,t,mus,tis,nt
Recognisable by the 'ea'
42
3rd Group, Present active Subjunctive
Replace the 'i' with 'a' or add the 'a' to the 'i'
m,s,t,mus,tis,nt
Recognisable by the 'a'
43
Group 4, Present active subjunctive
Replace with 'ia'
m,s,t,mus,tis,nt
Recognisable by the 'ia'
44
Active voice, future active indicative, groups 3 and 4
am,es,et,emus,etis,ent
| i stems keep the 'i' throughout
45
Present passive indicative
or/r, ris/re, tur, mur, mini, ntur
46
Imperfect passive indicative
bar, baris, batur, bamur, bamini, bantur
47
Future passive indicative, groups 1 and 2
bor, beris, bitur, bimur, bimini, buntur
48
Future passive indicative, groups 3 and 4
ar, eris, etur, emur, emini, entur
49
Perfect passive indicative
Fourth principle part + sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
Masculine singular: us
Masculine plural: i
Feminine singular: a
Feminine plural: ae
Neuter singular: um
Neuter plural: a
50
Pluperfect passive indicative
Fourth principle part + eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant
Masculine singular: us
Masculine plural: i
Feminine singular: a
Feminine plural: ae
Neuter singular: um
Neuter plural: a
51
Future perfect passive indicative
Fourth principle part + ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt
Masculine singular: us
Masculine plural: i
Feminine singular: a
Feminine plural: ae
Neuter singular: um
Neuter plural: a
52
Perfect passive subjunctive
Fourth principle part + sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint
Masculine singular: us
Masculine plural: i
Feminine singular: a
Feminine plural: ae
Neuter singular: um
Neuter plural: a
53
Pluperfect passive subjunctive
Fourth principle part + essem, esset, essemus, essetis, essent
Masculine singular: us
Masculine plural: i
Feminine singular: a
Feminine plural: ae
Neuter singular: um
Neuter plural: a
54
Present passive subjunctive
e/ea/a/ai + r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur
55
Imperfect passive subjunctive
Are/ere/ere/ire + r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur
56
Participle
Verb turned adjective
The shouting woman
The destroyed town
The men detouring the town
57
Present active participle
-ns added to present stem
58
Future active participle
Fourth principal part + urus/a/um
59
Perfect passive participle
The fourth principal part
60
Future passive participle
Present stem + ndus/a/um
61
Gerundive
Is the Future passive participle
Obligation, necessity, propriety
62
Periphrastics
Active/passive future participles + verb sum
63
Active periphrastic all conjugations for first person
| Indicative
Present: urus/a/um + sum, I am about to
Imperfect: urus/a/um + eram, I was about to
Future: urus/a/um + ero, I will be about to
Perfect: urus/a/um + fui, I have been (was) about to
Pluperfect: urus/a/um + fueram, I had been about to
Future perfect: urus/a/um + fuero, I shall have been about to
64
Active periphrastic all conjugations all persons
| Subjunctive
Present: urus/a/um + si-m/s/t/mus/tis/nt
Imperfect: urus/a/um + esse-m/s/t/mus/tis/nt
Perfect: urus/a/um + fueri-m/s/t/mus/tis/nt
Pluperfect: urus/a/um + fuisse-m/s/t/mus/tis/nt
65
Passive periphrastic meaning
Have (has) to, should, ought to, must
66
Passive periphrastic all conjugations for first person
| Indicative
Present: ndus/a/um + sum, I have to be
Imperfect: ndus/a/um + eram, I had to be
Future: ndus/a/um + ero, I shall have to be
Perfect: ndus/a/um + fui, I had to be
Pluperfect: ndus/a/um + fueram, I had had to be
Future perfect: ndus/a/um + fuero, I shall have had to be
67
Passive periphrastic all conjugations all persons
| Subjunctive
Present: ndus/a/um + si-m/s/t/mus/tis/nt
Imperfect: ndus/a/um + esse-m/s/t/mus/tis/nt
Perfect: ndus/a/um + fueri-m/s/t/mus/tis/nt
Pluperfect: ndus/a/um + fuisse-m/s/t/mus/tis/nt
68
Imperative present active singular
Present stem (a/e/e/i)
69
Imperative present active plural
Ate/ete/ite/ite
Present stem (a/e/e/i) + te
3rd groups: the e becomes an i
70
MEANING of Imperative present active
(Do!)
71
Exceptions to Imperative present active
Singular: dic,duc,fac,fer
Plural: ferte (the other three have the present stem in)
72
Imperative present passive singular
2nd person of present passive indicative with -re ending
Present passive stem + re
73
Imperative present passive plural
5th person present passive
| -mini
74
MEANING of Imperative present passive
Be...(loved)
75
Negative imperatives noli
| MEANING
Singular: Noli + present infinitive verb
Plural: nolite + present infinitive verb
MeAning: Don't (verb)
76
Negative imperatives ne
| MEANING
Ne + present subjunctive/ perfect subjunctive
Meaning: may you not (verb)
77
Present active infinitive
Are/ere/ere/ire
78
Present passive infinitive
Ari/eri/i/iri
| Replace are/ere/ere/ire
79
Perfect active infinitive
3rd principal part +isse
80
Perfect passive infinitive
4th principal part + esse
| Esse is the infinitive of sum
81
Future active infinitive
Future active participle (urus/ura/urum)+ esse
| Esse is the infinitive of sum
82
In a subordinate clause if the main verb is primary sequence what must the apodosis be
Present
| Perfect
83
In a subordinate clause if the main verb is secondary sequence what must the apodosis be
Imperfect
| Pluperfect
84
in a conditional sentence what must have happened in the protosis
the verb must already be finished
85
Future vivid conditional sentence
future indicative in both
"if he works, he will desire"
86
Future vivid MORE EMPHATIC conditional sentence
future perfect indicative, future indicative
| "IF he works, he will desire"
will have worked
87
Less vivid future conditional sentence
Present subjunctive in both
"If he should work, he would desire money"
88
Simple conditional sentences
indicative in both
present "If he works, he desires"
past "if he worked, he desired"
89
present contrary to fact conditional sentence
imperfect subjunctive in both
"if he were working, he would be desiring"
90
Past contrary to fact conditional sentence
pluperfect subjunctive in both
| "if he had worked, he would have desired"
91
primary tenses indicative
present
future
perfect (have, has)
future perfect
92
primary tenses subjunctive
present
| perfect
93
secondary tenses indicative
imperfect
perfect (english past)
pluperfect
94
secondary tenses subjunctive
imperfect
| pluperfect
95
conditional sentences, sequences of tenses
present/imperfect subjunctive (contemporaneous/subsequent to main verb)
perfect/pluperfect subjunctive (prior to main verb)
96
How to turn a sentence into an indirect statement
Nominative (the subject) goes to accusative
Finite verb goes to infinitive version
Tense of verb is expressed as it is, regardless of tense of main verb
97
Periphrastic active optaturus fuisse
To have been going to desire
98
Periphrastic passive optandus fuisse
To have had to be desired
99
Present participles singular
M,F: ns, ntem, ntis, nti, nti(e)
| N: ns, ns, ntis, nti, nti(e)
100
Present participles plural
M,F: ntes, ntes(is), ntium, ntibus, ntibus
| N: ntia, ntia, ntium, ntibus, ntibus
101
Present participles when should I and E be used for the ablative singular
I: participle used as an attributive adjetive
E: participle used as a noun
102
Present indicative of fero, ferre, tuli, latus
Fero, fers, fert, ferimus, fertis, ferunt
103
Present passive of fero, ferre, tuli, latus
Feror, ferris(ferre), fertur, ferimur, ferimini, feruntur
104
Imperative of fero, ferre, tuli, latus
| Singular
Fer!
105
Imperative of fero, ferre, tuli, latus
| Plural
Ferte!
106
Deponent verbs
Precor, precari, pracatus sum -beg, request
Vereor, vereri, veritus sum -fear
Ingredior, ingredi, ingressis sum -enter, proceed
Experior, experiri, expertus sum
107
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Present
```
Precor
Pracaris(re)
Precatur
Precamur
Precamini
Precantur
```
108
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Present subjunctive
```
Precer
Preceris(re)
Precetur
Precemur
Precemini
Precentur
```
109
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Imperfect
Precabar
Precabaris
...
110
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Imperfect subjunctive
Precarer
| Precareris(re)
111
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Future
Precabor
Precaberis(re)
...
112
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Perfect
Precatus sum
Precatus es
..
113
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Perfect subjunctive
Precatus si,
Precatus sis
...
114
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Pluperfect
Precatus eram
| Precatus eras
115
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Pluperfect subjunctive
Precatus essem
Precatus esses
...
116
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Future perfect
Precatus ero
| Precatus eris
117
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Present active infinitive
Precari
118
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Perfect active infinitive
Precatus esse
119
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Future active infinitive
Precaturus esse
120
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Present active participle
Precans
121
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Perfect active participle
Precatus -a -um
122
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Future active participle
Precaturus -a -um
123
Precor, precari, pracatus sum
| Future PASSIVE participle (gerundive)
Precandus -a -um
124
In what ways are deponent verbs different
Passive shape active meaning
| Have a perfect active participle (other verbs have a passive one)
125
Semi-deponent verbs meaning
Passive forms, active meaning in the perfect stem
126
Audeo, audere, ausus sum
```
Present
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future perfect
```
```
Audeo
Audebam
Audebo
Ausus sum
Ausus eram
Ausus ero
```
127
Jussive and Hortatory subjunctive
Veniat!
Veniamus!
The present subjunctive is used to express a command/exhortation
Let him come!
Let's come!
Floreat Exon
128
Jussive subjunctive is expressed in
Third person
129
Hortatory subjunctive is expressed in
The first person
130
Negative jussive hortatory subjunctive
Introduced by ne
Ne hoc faciat! =let him not do this!
131
Potential subjunctive
An action which might possibly/conceivable occur
Present (sometimes perfect) subjunctive: present/future potentiality (future less vivid)
Imperfect subjunctive: past potentiLity
132
Negative potential subjunctive
Introduced by non
133
Deliberative subjunctive
Present/imperfect subjunctive can be used to deliberate about a course of action. Used in rhetorical questions
Quid faciam? What am i to do? What should I do?
Quid facerem? What was I to do? What should I have done?
134
Negative of Deliberative subjunctive
Introduced by non
135
Optative sunjunctive- A wish for the future
Present subjunctive
Can be introduced by utinam/ut (utinam ne, ne, in negative)
Utinam veniat! I wish that he would come! If only he would come!
Utinam ne veniat! I wish he would not come! If only he would not come!
136
Optative subjunctive, incapable of fulfilment, present time
Imperfect subjunctive
Utinam veniret! I wish he were coming! If only he were coming!
137
Optative subjunctive, incapable of fulfilment, past time
Pluperfect
| Utinam venisset! I wish he had come! If only he had come!
138
Indirect questions
Subordinate clause that depend on words that often depend on actions that occur in the head (saying, thinking, seeing, perceiving, knowing, asking)
Introduced by an interrogative word
Have their verbs in the subjunctive
139
Examples of indirect questions
I know who you are
We wondered what gifts you brought
What you are doing bothers me
140
Direct question verbs
Indicative or deliberative subjunctive
141
To turn direct questions into indirect
If the main clause is primary sequence
How is present time expressed
Present subjunctive
142
To turn direct questions into indirect
If the main clause is primary sequence
How is future time expressed
Present future active periphrastic
143
To turn direct questions into indirect
If the main clause is primary sequence
How is past time expressed
Perfect subjunctive
144
To turn direct questions into indirect
If the main clause is secondary sequence
How is present time expressed
Imperfect subjunctive
145
To turn direct questions into indirect
If the main clause is secondary sequence
How is future time expressed
Imperfect Future active periphrastic
146
To turn direct questions into indirect
If the main clause is secondary sequence
How is past time expressed
Pluperfect subjunctive
147
In double indirect questions (the second question is negative)
Necne is used more often than an non
