Key Info Flashcards
1
Q
Secondary indicative tenses
A
Imperfect
Perfect (english past tense)
Pluperfect
2
Q
Cum always takes
A
The ablative case
3
Q
De always takes
A
The ablative case
4
Q
As an adverb et means
A
Even
5
Q
Conditional sentences simple
A
Indicative in both clauses
6
Q
Conditional sentences future indicative + future indicative
Si laborabit, pecuniam optabit
A
Future more vivid
If he works (present), he will desire money
7
Q
Conditional sentences future perfect indicative +future indicative
A
Future exceptionally emphatic
IF he works (will have worked), he will desire money
8
Q
Conditional sentences present subjunctive + present subjunctive
Si laboret, pecuniam optet
A
Future less vivid
If he should work, he would desire money
9
Q
Conditional sentence imperfect subjunctive + imperfect subjunctive
A
Present contrary to fact
If he were working , he would be desiring money
10
Q
Conditional sentence pluperfect subjunctive + pluperfect subjunctive
Si laboravisset, pecuniam optavisset
A
Past contrary to fact
If he had worked, he would have desired money
11
Q
Whats important in terms of tenses in conditional sentences
A
Protasis action must be completed for that of the apodosis to occur
12
Q
Genitive with verbs of accusing and condemning
A
Expresses the charge of the penalty
13
Q
Puellam curae culpat
A
He blames the girl -for her- concern
14
Q
Nautam pecuniae damnavit
A
He sentenced the sailor -to pay money-
15
Q
A (ab) means “by” when
A
When representing living beings
“Away from” “by”
16
Q
“Ad” goes with what case
A
“To” “towards”
Governs the accusative case
17
Q
“Per” goes with what case
A
Goes with accusative (as it expresses motion towards)
18
Q
When does “dubito” mean hesitate and doubt
A
Hesitate if with an infinitive
Otherwise doubt
19
Q
Sub + accusative
A
Movement towards
20
Q
Sub + ablative
A
Location is involved
21
Q
Ablative without preposition
A
MEANS or INSTRUMENT by which something is done
22
Q
Ablative with or without “cum”
A
WAY or MANNER in which something is done
23
Q
Ablative where “cum” is NECESARY
A
Ablative is not modified by an adjective
When it is modified cum is optional
24
Q
Purpose clauses have their subordinate clause verbs in
A
The subjunctive
25
Primary tenses in the subjunctive
Present
| Perfect
26
Secondary tenses in the subjunctive
Imperfect
| Pluperfect
27
Primary sequence what do the subjunctives means
Present- action same time/subsequent to main verb
Perfect- action prior to main verb
28
Secondary sequence what do the subjunctives means
Imperfect- action same time/subsequent to main verb
| Pluperfect- action prior to main verb
29
What must we remember about the tenses of the subjunctive in clauses of purpose
Their tense is only relative to the tense of the main verb
30
Perfect passives
All use the perfect passive participle and a version of sum for
Perfect, pluperfect, future perfect indicative
Perfect and pluperfect subjunctive
31
Person who performs the action of a passive verb
Puella a regina terretur
Expressed with "a/ab" + ABLATIVE
The girl is frightened by the queen
32
Amica means
Girlfriend
| Prostitute
33
Duco, ducere, duxi, ductus
| Doesn't just mean lead but
Consider
34
Book
Liber, libri, M.
35
Free
Liber, libera, liberum
36
Sending to someone
Mitto, mittere, misi, missus
| + ad + accusative
37
Sending for someone
Mitto, mittere, misi, missus
| + dative
38
Pointing something out to someone
Monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus
| + dative
39
Primary indicative tenses
Prsent
Future
Future perfect
Perfect (present perfect is "has" or "have"
40
Present active participle
| To shout
```
Shouting
Who was shouting
Since she was shouting
Although she was shouting
When she was shouting
While she was shouting
If she was shouting
```
41
Case of the present participle
An action occurring at the same time as the main verb
42
What can the present participle be translated with
Causal- Since
Concessive- Although (tamen is often inserted)
Temporal- When, while
Conditional- if
43
Perfect passive participle
| To be frightened
```
Having-been-frightened
Having been frightened
Who had been frightened
Since she had been frightened
Although she had been frightened
When she had been frightened
After she had been frightened
If she had been frightened
```
44
Tense of perfect passive participle
An action which occurred prior to the time of the main verb
45
Future active participle
| Depart
```
About-to-depart
About to depart
Who was about to depart
Going to depart
Since/although/when/as/if...was going to depart
```
46
Future participle tenses
An action which will occur or has occurred subsequent to that of the main verb
47
Future passive participle
| Read
Having-to-be-read
To be read
Which had to be read
48
Future passive participle is used for
The gerundive
| Obligation, necessity, propriety
49
Active periphrastic meaning
About to
50
Passive periphrastic menaing
Had/have to be desired
51
Personal agent with passive periphrastic is expressed by
Poeta reginae videndus est
Personal agent is expressed by the dative without a preposition
(And not a(ab) + ablative)
The poet must be seen by the queen
52
How is possession expressed
Corona est amico
Dative + sum shows possession
The friend has a book / the book is the friend's
53
"Ante" and "post" govern what case
Accusative case
54
"Impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatus" governs what case
Dative
55
Ruit can me
He rushes
| He has rushed
56
Which third declensions are i stems
Nominative and genitive have the same number of syllables
Stem of the noun ends in two consonants except if the second is an l or r (pater, mater is an exception)
Nominative singular neuter ends in e, al, ar (end in -i in ablative and -ia in nominative and accusative plural)
57
How to make indirect statements
Subject is made accusative
| Finite verb changed to an infinitive
58
Tense of the infinitive in indirect statements
Relative to that of the main verb
Present- same time
Perfect- prior
Future- sunsequent
59
What case accompanies verbs of separation or deprivation
Ablative
60
How to express origin or descent of a person or thing
Ablative
61
To express place from which
"A(ab)", "e(ex)", "de" + ablative
62
Exceptions from place from which?
| How?
Names of towns, cities, small islands, "domus", "rus" -no preposition is used
63
Place to which is expressed
Expressed by "ad" + accusative
64
Exceptions from Place to which
Names of towns, cities, small islands, "domus", "rus" -no preposition is used
65
Locative case
Names of towns, cities, small islands, "domus", "rus"
- to express place in which and place where "at Rome"
1st/2nd -genitive singular, ablative plural
3rd- e/i singular, -ibus plural
66
"Careo, carere, carui, caritus"
Governs?
Lack
Governs the ablative case
67
Personal pronouns with "cum"
Attached such as MECUM
68
Reflexive pronouns
Refers to the subject of its own clause so nominative
69
Possessive adjectives agree with
The thing possessed
70
When reflexive possession is not desired in the third person
A form of is, ea, id in the genitive is used (singular and plural)
71
How to use relative pronoun
| Qui, quae, quod = whom
```
GENDER and NUMBER agrees with its antecedent
Its case (NAGDA) is determined by its use in its own clause
```
72
Interrogative adjective
(Which? What?) is identical n form to the relative pronoun
73
To express accompaniment
Ablative +cum
74
Time when
Expressed by the ablative
75
Time within which
Expressed by the ablative
76
Duration of time
Accusative
| Answers "for how long?"
77
Extent of space
Accusative
| Answers "for how long?"
78
Subordinate clauses within an indirect statement (subject accusative and infinitive) verb?
Verbs in subjunctive, tense according to tense sequence, after the verb at the head that introduces the indirect statement
-the person reporting the statement does not claim responsibility of truth
79
Est homo illius generis
He is a man of that sort
80
Opus est
Cases it goes with
There is need of
What is needed: nominative, ablative, or genitive (less frequently)
Person who is in need: dative case
81
Salutem dicere
"To greet" "to say hello"
82
In (respect to) what is expressed how
Haec femina specie pulchra est
Mea sententia nihil perficient
Ablative without a preposition
This woman is beautiful in (respect to) appearance
In (respect to) my opinion, they will accomplish nothing
83
Two datives in close proximity
Filii matri fructui sunt
Ad urbem saluti mihi venit
Opinio mali periculo erat civitati
One denoted the purpose, the other denotes the person or thing
The sons are (for the purpose of) an asset (with reference) to their mother
He came too the city for (the purpose of) a salvation (with reference) to me
The opinion of the evil was (for the purpose of) a danger (with reference) to the state.
84
Fructui esse
To be an asset to
85
Iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus
| Verb of ordering what construction does it use for an indirect statement
An infinitive with subject accusative
86
Res publica
State, republic
87
Quam ob rem
On account of which thing
For what reason
Why
88
How is a part of a whole group expressed
Fortissimus omnium militum ad me venit
Multi hominum opiniones sapientium laudant
With the genitive
The bravest of all the soldiers came to me
Many of the men praise the opinions of the wise
89
How is a part of a whole group expressed by words
When is this frequent?
Quinque ex militibus domum venerunt
OR "e(ex)" / "de" + ablative
Frequently used when the part is a cardinal number
Five of (out of) the soldiers came home
90
Quam primum
As soon as possible
91
Tam...quam
So...as
| As...as
92
Quam + superlative
As...as possible
93
Quam can also be used
How in an exclamatory sense!
94
An abstract noun (amicitia, sapientia)
Adding -ia
friendship, wisdom
95
Sometimes it is best to translate an adjective as
Humiles in tectum domini venimus
An adverb
We came humbly into the master's house
96
Proximus is found with
Proximus turbae fuit
The dative
He was nearest the crowd
97
Similis/dissimilis govern
Genitive or dative case
98
What is an ablative absolute clause
Has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence
99
How to make the ablative absolute
Subject is in Ablative
| Participle ablative verb
100
How the ablative is translated
With/when/since/although
101
Problem with sum in ablative absolute
No present participle
two nouns in ablative absolute construction used with an implied participle connecting them (with that woman (being) queen)
102
How is cause expressed
Clamare gaudio coepit.
Forma laudabantur
By the ablative (because of)
She began to shout because of joy
They were praised because of beauty
103
How is cause expressed with words
Propter metum faminas interfecit
"Ob" or "propter" + accusative (on account of)
He killed the women on account of fear
104
How is description expressed
Noun in the ablative or genitive, modified by an adjective, expresses the quality of another noun.
105
objective genitive
Amor patriae
Metus belli
cupidus pecuniae
The genitive is the object of the verbAl idea
(What is feared, what is loved, what is desired)
Love of the native land
Fear of war
Desirous of money
106
Subjective genitive
Feminae amor patriae
The genitive is doing the action,
The woman's love of her native land
107
Predicate genitive (Genitive of characteristic)
Hominis spientis est libros legere
Boni est deos laudare
Genitive stands alone (or modified by an adjective)
It is the mark of...
It is the mark of a wise man to read books
It is the mark of a good man to praise the gods
