VISUAL DICTIONARY Ill Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
A masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism white plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing in a kiln.
A
BRICK
2
Q
What brick is made for general building purposes and not specially treated for color and texture.
A
COMMON BRICK
or
BUILDING BRICK
3
Q
Brick made of special clays for facing a wall, often treated to produce the desired color and surface texture.
A
FACE BRICK
or
FACING BRICK
4
Q
A designation indicating the permissible variation in size, color, chippage, and distortion allowed in a facing brick unit
A
BRICK TYPE
5
Q
What facing brick is suitable for use where a minimum variation in size, narrow color range, and high degree of mechanical perfection are required?
A
type FBX
6
Q
What facing brick is suitable for use where a wider color range and greater variation in size are permitted than for type FBX?
A
Type FBS
7
Q
what facing brick is suitable for use where particular effects are desired resulting from nonuniformity in size, color, and texture of the individual units
A
Type FBA
8
Q
A designation indicating the durability of a brick unit when exposed to weathering
A
BRICK GRADE
9
Q
What brick is suitable for exposure to severe weathering as when in contact with the ground or used on surfaces likely to with water in subfreezing temperatures?
A
Type SW
10
Q
what brick is suitable for exposure to moderate weathering, as when used above grade on surfaces unlikely to be permeated with water in subfreezing temperatures?
A
type MW
11
Q
What do you call the process of forming brick by molding relatively wet day having a moisture content of 20% to 30%?
A
SOFT-MUD PROCESS
12
Q
what brick is formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lined with sand to prevent sticking, producing a matte-textured surface?
A
SAND-STUCK BRICK
13
Q
what brick is formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lubricated with water to prevent sticking, producing a smooth, dense surface?
A
WATER-STRUCK BRICK
14
Q
what do you call the process of forming brick and structural tile by extruding stiff but plastic day having a moisture content of 12% to 15% through a die and cutting the extrusion to length with wires before firing?
A
STIFF-MUD PROCESS
15
Q
What do you call the process of forming brick by molding relatively dry clay having a moisture content of 5% to 7% under high pressure, resulting in Sharp-edged, smooth-surfaced bricks?
A
DRY-PRESS PROCESS
16
Q
what do you call the furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying something, esp. one for firing pottery, baking bricks, or drying timber?
A
KILN
17
Q
What is a brick or timber a rejected as being inferior in quality?
A
CULL
18
Q
What brick is suitable for exposure to negligible weathering, as when used as backup on interior masonry?
A
type NW
19
Q
what brick is made of fire clay used for lining furnaces & fireplace?
A
FIREBRICK
20
Q
What is a refractory clay used in the making of firebricks, crucibles, and other objects exposed to high temperatures?
A
FIRE CLAY
21
Q
A material having the ability to retain its physical shape and chemical identity when subjected to high temperatues
A
REFRACTORY
22
Q
What is a dense, hard-burned brick used esp. for paving?
A
CLINKER
23
Q
what is a white powdery deposit that forms on an exposed masonry or concrete surface, caused by the learning and crystallization of soluble salts from within the material?
A
EFFLORESCENCE
24
Q
The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit when immersed in either cold or boiling water for a stated length of time, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the dry unit
A
ABSORPTION
25
The ratio of the weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit immersed in cold water to the weight absorbed when immersed in boiling water, indicating the probable resistance of the brick to the action of freezing and thawing
SATURATION COEFFICIENT
26
The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit when partially immersed for 1 minute, expressed in grams or ounces per minute
SUCTION
or
INITIAL RATE OF ABSORPTION
27
What do you call a brick dimension larger than the actual dimension to account for the thickness of a mortal joint?
NOMINAL DIMENSION
28
What is any various oversized bricks having nominal dimensions established by the manufacturer?
JUMBO BRICK
29
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x2 2/3 x 8 in. (102 x 68 x 203 mm)?
MODULAR BRICK
30
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x2 2/3 x 12 in. (102 x 608 x 305mm)
NORMAN BRICK
31
What brick has nominal dimensions of 6x2 2/3 x 12 in. (102 x 68 x 305m), it stands for structural clay research and is a trademark of the Brick Institute of America?
SCR brick
32
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x3 1/5 8 in. (102 X 81 x 203 mm)?
ENGINEERED BRICK
33
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x3 1/5 x 12in. (102 x 81 x 305mm)?
NORWEGIAN BRICK
34
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x2x2 in (102 X 51 X 305mm)?
ROMAN BRICK
35
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4 x 4 x 8 in. (102 X 102 x 203 mm)?
ECONOMY BRICK
36
What brick or file has normal face dimensions but a nominal thickness of 2 ?in. (51 min)
SOAP
37
What brick is cut transversely so as to leave one end whole?
BAT
38
It means to chip or rub stones or bricks to a certain size or shape
GAUGE
39
Refers to brick construction esp. the art of bonding bricks effectively
BRICKWORK
40
Refers to any of various arrangements of masonry units having a regular, recognizable, usually overlapping pattern to increase the strength and enhance the appearance of the construction
BOND
41
A brickwork or masonry bond composed of overlapping stretchers
RUNNING BOND
or
STRETCHER BOND
42
A continuous course of soldiers in brickwork
SOLDIER COURSE
43
A brickwork on masonry bond having successive courses of stretchers with all head joints aligned vertically
STACK BOND
44
A brickwork or band having a course of headers between every five or six courses of stretchers
COMMON BOND
or
AMERICAN BOND
45
A masonry unit specially formed or out to finish a course or complete the band at the corner of a wall
CLOSER
or
CLOSURE
46
A continuous course of stretchers in brickwork
STRETCHING COURSE
47
A continuous course of headers in brickwork
HEADING COURSE
48
A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface
STRETCHER
49
A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall me with the shorter and exposed or parallel to the surface
HEADER
50
A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with a shorter end exposed
ROWLOCK
or
ROLLOCK
51
A brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed
SOLDIER
52
A brick laid vertically with a broad face exposed
SAILOR
53
A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the broad face exposed
SHINER
or
BULL STRETCHER
54
A continuous course of headers or bondstones overlapping more than one wythe of masonry
BOND COURSE
55
A brickwork bond having alternate courses of headers and stretchers in which the headers are centered on stretchers and the joints between stretchers line up vertically in all courses
ENGLISH BOND
56
A brick of half the normal width, used for completing a course or for spacing regular bricks
QUEEN CLOSER
or
QUEEN CLOSURE
57
A modified English bond in which the head joints in the stretching courses are offset by half the length of the stretcher
ENGLISH CROSS BOND
or
DUTCH BOND
58
A brickwork bond having alternating headers and stretchers in each course, each header being centered above and below a stretcher
FLEMISH BOND
59
A three-quarter brick for finishing a course or for spacing regular bricks
KING CLOSER
or KING CLOSURE
60
A modified Flemish bond having courses of alternate headers and stretchers alternating with stretching courses
FLEMISH CROSS BOND
61
A brick having a darker end exposed as a header in patterned brickwork
FLARE HEADER
62
A form of Flemish cross bong in which the courses are offset to form a diamond pattern
FLEMISH DIAGONAL BOND
63
A brickwork bond for lightly loaded boundary walls, having a sequence of a header and three stretchers in each course, with each header being centered over a header in alternate courses
GARDEN-WALL BOND
64
What is a relatively permanent enclosed structure constructed over a plot of land for habitable use?
BUILDING
65
What is a roof with one slope called?
LEAN-TO
66
What roof has two slopes that rests upon parallel walls and lean against one another meeting in a horizontal ridge at the top?
GABLE
67
what roof is carried by circular walls?
CONICAL (CONE)
or
DOMICAL (DOME)
68
what is the inclined line where the roofs intersect if two walls make a projecting angle?
HIP
69
What is the inclined line of intersection if two walls meet in a reentering angle?
VALLEY
70
What is the projection called if the roof extends beyond the wall that supports it?
EAVES
71
What is the projection called if the wall also projects to support the extension of the roof?
CORNICE
72
What is the principal member of a cornice, which projects like a shell and crowns the wall?
CORONA
73
what is the projection called when walls are generally made wider just at the bottom so as to get a better bearing on the ground?
BASE
74
what is the projection called when walls are generally made wider at the top?
CAP
75
What is a low wall called?
PARAPET
76
what is a short piece of wall about as long as it is thick?
Post
77
what is a short piece of wall about as long as it is thick and supports something?
PEDESTAL
78
What do you call the part between the cap and base of post & pedestal?
DIE
79
What do you call a tall square post?
PIER
80
What do you call a tall round post?
COLUMN
81
What do you call the caps of piers and columns?
CAPITALS
82
What do you call the part between the cap and base of piers and columns?
SHAFT
83
What do you call the flat upper member of a capital?
ABACUS
84
What do you call a beam that spans the space between two piers or columns or between a pier or column and a wall?
ARCHITRAVE
or
EPISTYLE
85
What do you call the part between the architrave and cornice?
FRIEZE
86
Architrave + frieze + cornice = ?
ENTABLATURE
87
what do you call a series of columns?
COLONNADE
88
What do you call a series of arches?
ARCADE
89
what is a vertical extension of a building or other construction above the foundation?
SUPERSTRUCTURE
90
what do you call the exterior framework or walls and roof of a building?
SHELL
91
What is the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building or other construction?
SUBSTRUCTURE
92
A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent things or parts forming a complex or unified whole esp. to serve a common purpose
SYSTEM
93
what constitutes the chief supporting members of a building?
WALL, PIER, and COLUMN
94
What constitutes the chief part of the load carried by the supporting members?
FRIEZE and CORNICE with the ROOF
95
these are part of the load relative to what is below them but are supporting members relative to what is above them
ARCHITRAVE, ARCHES, SPANDRELS
96
What is a building esp. one of large size, massive structure, imposing appearance?
EDIFICE
97
what is a bldg of exceptional height and many stories, supported by a steel or concrete framework from which the walls are suspended?
SKYSCRAPER
98
What describes a bldg having a comparatively large number of stories and equipped with elevators?
HIGH-RISE
99
What is a complete horizontal division of a bldg having continuous or nearly continuous floor and comprising the space between two adjacent levels?
STORY
100
What describes a bldg having one, too, or three stories and usually no elevator?
LOW-RISE
101
What describes a bldg having a moderately large number of stories, usually 5 to 10, and equipped with elevators?
MID-RISE
102
What do you call one of the upper floors of a warehouse or factory, typically unpartitioned and sometimes converted or adapted to other uses, such as living quarters, artist's studios, or exhibition galleries?
LOFT
103
A bldg having several floors with large areas of unobstructed space, originally rented out for light industrial purposes and now frequently converted to residential occupancy
LOFT BLDG
104
What is a room or space directly under the roof of a bldg esp. a house?
ATTIC
105
what is a usable living space within a sloping roof, usually having dormer windows for lighting?
HALF-STORY
106
what is an area in a bldg having a clearance less than human height, but accessible by crawling esp. such a space below the first floor that is enclosed by the foundation walls?
CRAWL SPACE
107
what is a room or set of rooms for the storage of food, fuel, or the like, wholly or partly underground and usually beneath a bldg ?
CELLAR
108
what is a cellar or other underground place for shelter during violent storms, such as cyclones, tornadoes, or hurricanes.
STORM CELLAR
or
CYCLONE CELLAR
109
what is a horizontal or inclined door over a stairway giving access to a cellar?
BULKHEAD
110
what is a continuous supporting surface extending horizontally throughout a bldg, having a number of rooms and constituting one level in the structure?
FLOOR
111
What is a low or partial story between two main stories of a bldg esp. one that projects as a balcony and forms a composition with the story beneath it?
MEZZANINE
112
What is the ground floor of bldg? (In Britain, it is the floor immediately above the ground floor)
FIRST FLOOR
113
what is the floor of a bldg at or nearest to ground level?
GROUND FLOOR
114
what is a story of a bldg that is wholly or partly below ground level?
BASEMENT
115
what is any story or floor below the main basement of a bldg?
SUBBASEMENT
116
what is a sunken area affording access, air, and light to a basement door or window?
AREAWAY
117
what is the front of a bldg or any of its sides facing a public way or space, esp. one distinguished by its architectural treatments?
FACADE
118
Refers to a principal facade, or a part or feature of a facade, often treated as a separate element of the design and highlighted by ornamentation
FRONTISPIECE
119
In French Architecture, a term describing the central element of a bldg as opposed to its subsidiary wings & pavilions.
CORPS DE LOGIS
120
A projecting subdivision of a facade, usually accented by more elaborate decoration or greater height and distinction of skyline
PAVILION
121
what is a facade falsifying the size or importance of a bldg?
FALSE FRONT
122
What is a major horizontal architectural division, as of a facade or the wall of a nave?
STORY
123
What is any of a number of principal compartments or divisions of a wall, roof, or other part of a bldg marked off by vertical or transverse supports?
BAY
124
what is a major horizontal division of a wall having no exterior windows?
BLIND STORY
125
Describes a recess in a wall having the appearance of a window or door, inserted to complete a series of windows or to provide symmetry of design
BLIND
126
what is an elevated platform projecting from the wall of a bldg and enclosed by a railing or parapet?
BALCONY
127
What do you call the design, proportioning, and disposition of windows and other exterior openings of a bldg ?
FENESTRATION
128
What is a raised platform, approached by steps and sometimes having a roof, at the entrance of a house?
STOOP
129
What is an exterior appendage to a bldg forming a covered approach or vestibule to a doorway?
PORCH
130
What is a porch having a roof supported by columns often leading to the entrance of a bldg?
PORTICO
131
What is a large, open porch, usually roofed and partly enclosed as by a railing often extending across the front and sides of a house?
VERANDA
132
what is a veranda, esp. one used as a living room?
LANAI
133
What is a series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof structure?
COLONNADE
134
what is a courtyard before the entrance to a bldg or group of bldgs?
FORECOURT
135
What is a vehicular passageway leading through a bldg or screen wall into an interior courtyard?
PORTE COCHERE
136
What is a private or side entrance, as one for pedestrians next to a porte cochere?
POSTERN
137
What is a porch projecting over a driveway at the entrance to a bldg and sheltering those getting on or out of vehicles?
PORTE COCHERE
or
CARRIAGE PORCH
138
What is an open, often paved area connected to a house or bldg and serving as an outdoor living area?
TERRACE
139
What is an open, unroofed porch or platform extending from a house or other bldg?
DECK
140
What is a doorway, gate, or entrance, esp an imposing one emphasized by size and stately architectural treatment?
PORTAL
141
What is a round, domed bldg, or a large and high circular space in such a bldg, esp. one surmounted by a dome?
ROTUNDA
142
What is a bldg or structure high in proportion to its lateral dimensions, either standing alone or forming part of a larger bldg ?
TOWER
143
what is a large bldg divided into a number of separate apartments, offices, or shops?
BLOCK
144
What is a rectangular bldg having little width with respect to its length and height?
SLAB
145
What is any of a series of columns supporting a bldg above an open ground level?
PILOTI
146
What is a part of a bldg projecting from and subordinate to a central or main part?
WING
147
What is a wing at right angles to the length of a bldg ?
ELL or EL
148
What is an area open to the sky and mostly or entirely surrounded by walls or bldgs?
COURT
149
What is a court adjacent to or within a bldg, esp one enclosed on all four sides?
COURTYARD
150
What is a courtyard, esp. of a house, enclosed by low bldgs, arcades, or walls?
PATIO
151
what is a skylit, central court in a bldg, esp. a large interior one having a glass roof and surrounded by several stories of galleries?
ATRIUM
152
What is an open, skylit court around which a house or bldg is built?
ATRIUM
153
What is a colonnaded or arcaded space within the body of a building but open to the air on one side often at an upper story overlooking an open court
LOGGIA
154
What is the principal story of a large building, such as a palace or villa with formal reception and dining rooms, usually one flight above the ground floor?
PIANO NOBILE
155
What is a large or principal courtyard of an Italian palazzo?
CORTILE
156
What is a large imposing public building or private residence, especially in Italy?
PALAZZO
157
Refers to assert or demand recognition or possession
CLAIM
158
Refers to face in a specific direction or look out upon
FRONT
159
What do you call the position of a building on a site in relation to true north, to points on the compass, the specific place or side feature or the local conditions of sunlight, wind, and drainage ?
ORIENTATION
160
Refers to combine, blend, or unite gradually by stages so as to blur identity or distinctions
MERGE
161
Refers to enclose or encompass on all sides
SURROUND
162
What is a public square open space in a city or town?
PLAZA
163
What is an open space or public space in a city or town especially in Italy?
PIAZZA
164
What is a square or quadrangular space or court surrounded by a building or buildings as on a college campus?
QUADRANGLE
165
What is a section of a street typically in the downtown area of a city from which vehicular traffic is excluded and used as a public walk or promenade?
MALL or PEDESTRIAN MALL
166
What is an area used for a stroll or walk especially in a public place as for pleasure or display?
PROMENADE
167
What is a boulevard, park, or public garden having a prominent line with shade trees (in Latin America) ?
ALAMEDA
168
What is a spacious promenade, court, or indoor mall usually having a vaulted roof and lined with commercial establishments?
GALLERIA
169
What is a French term for a broad walk planted with trees?
ALLÉE
170
What is a shelter of shrubs and branches or of lattice work intertwined with climbing vines and flowers?
ARBOR
171
What is a frame supporting open lattice work used as a screen or a support for growing vines or plants?
TRELLIS
172
What is a structure of cross strips arranged to form a regular pattern of open spaces?
LATTICE
173
What is a structure of parallel colonnade supporting an open roof of beams and crossing rafters or trelliswork over which climbing plants are trained to grow?
PERGOLA
174
What is a whimsical or extravagant structure built to serve as a conversation piece, land interest to a view, or commemorate a person or event found especially in 18th century England?
FOLLY
175
What is a small, often ornamental building in a garden?
PAVILION
176
What do you call an enclosed garden in Indian architecture?
BAGH
177
What is a freestanding roof structure usually open on the sides affording shade and rest in a garden or park?
GAZEBO
178
What do you call a building or architectural feature of a building designed and situated to look out upon a pleasing scene?
BELVEDERE
179
Refers to clipped or trimmed into ornamental and fantastic shapes or the work or art of such clipping?
TOPIARY
180
Refers to an ornamental arrangement of flower beds of different shapes and sizes?
PARTERRE
