VISUAL DICTIONARY VI

Question 1

What is an artificial, stonelike bldg material made by mixing cement and various mineral aggregates with sufficient water to cause the cement to set and bind the entire masss?

Answer 1

CONCRETE

Question 2

What is a naturally occuring clay limestone that when calcined and finely pulverized, produces a hydraulic cement?

Answer 2

NATURAL CEMENT

Question 3

What is a siliceous material, such as fly ash, that reacts chemically with slaked lime in the presence of moisture to form a slow hardening cement, named after a natural cement from Pozzuoli, an ancient Roman town near Vesuvius?

Answer 3

POZZOLAN
POZZOLONA
POZZUOLANA

Question 4

A term refering to containing silica or silicate

Answer 4

SILICEOUS

Question 5

what is a fine particle of ash recovered from the waste gases of a solid-fuel furnace?

Answer 5

FLY ASH

Question 6

What is a calcined mixture of clay and Iimestone, finely pulverized and used as an ingredient in concrete and mortar?

Answer 6

CEMENT

Question 7

What compound constitutes about half the volume of portland cement and responsible for the hardening or early gain in of strength of the cement?

Answer 7

TRICALCIUM SILICATE

Question 8

What compound constitutes about one-quarter of the volume of portland cement and responsible for the aging or long-term gain in strength of the cement?

Answer 8

DICALCIUM SILICATE

Question 9

What compound constitutes about one-tenth of the volume of Portland cement and responsible for the initial setting of the cement?

Answer 9

TRICALCIUM ALUMINATE

Question 10

What hydraulic cement is made by burning a mixture of clay and limestone in a rotary kiln and pulverizing the resulting clinker into a very fine powder, named for its resemblance to a limestone quarried on the Isle of Portland, England?

Answer 10

PORTLAND CEMENT

Question 11

Refers to a cement capable of setting and hardening by a reaction with water

Answer 11

HYDRAULIC CEMENT

Question 12

What type of Portland cement is used for general construction having none of the distinguishing qualities of the other types?

Answer 12

TYPE I: NORMAL

Question 13

What type of Portland cement has a reduced content of tricalcium aluminate making it more resistant to sulfates and causing it to generate less heat of hydration, used in general construction where resistance to moderate sulfate action is required or where heat buildup can be damaging, as in the construction of large piers and heavy retaining wall?

Answer 13

TYPE II: MODERATE

Question 14

What type of Portland cement has an increased content of tricalcium silicate causing it to cure faster and gain strength earlier than normal Portland cement, used when the early removal of formwork is desired or in cold weather construction to reduce the time required for protection from low temperatures?

Answer 14

TYPE III: HIGH EARLY STRENGTH

Question 15

What type of Portland cement has a reduced content of tricalcium silicate and an increased content of dicalcium silicate causing it to generate less heat of hydration than normal Portland cement, used in the construction of massive concrete structures such as gravity dams where a large buildup in heat can be damaging?

Answer 15

TYPE IV: LOW HEAT

Question 16

What type of Portland cement has a reduced content of tricalcium aluminate lessening the need for gypsum, a sulfate normally added to cement to retard its setting time, used where resistance to severe sulfate action is required ?

Answer 16

TYPE V: SULFATE RESISTING

Question 17

What type of Portland cement to which a small quantity of an air in training agent has been underground during manufacture designated by the suffix A: Type IA, Type llA, or Type IIIA?

Answer 17

AIR-ENTRAINING PORTLAND CEMENT

Question 18

What type of Portland cement is produced from raw materials low in iron oxide and manganese oxide, the substances that give concrete its gray color, used in precast concrete work and in the making of terrazzo stucco and tile grout?

Answer 18

WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT

Question 19

What do you call the expansive reaction occurring when the cement matrix of concrete or mortar comes in contact with sulfates dissolved in groundwater or in soil?

Answer 19

SULFATE ACTION

Question 20

What is the water used in a concrete or mortar mix exclusive of any absorbed by the aggregate and free of such harmful substances as organic material clay and salts, fit for drinking is generally acceptable?

Answer 20

MIXING WATER

Question 21

What is the mixture of cement and water for coating setting and binding the aggregate particles together in a concrete or mortar mix?

Answer 21

CEMENT PASTE

Question 22

What is any various hard, inert, mineral materials such as sand and gravel added to a cement base to make concrete or mortar?

Answer 22

AGGREGATE

Question 23

What type of aggregate consists of sand having a particle size smaller than 1/4 in?

Answer 23

FINE AGGREGATE

Question 24

What type of aggregate consists of crushed stone gravel or blast furnace slag having a particle size larger than 1/4 in?

Answer 24

COARSE AGGREGATE

Question 25

What aggregate has a particle-size distribution characterized by uniform grading and requires the least amount of cement base to fill the voids and surround the particles?

Answer 25

GRADED AGGREGATE

Question 26

What is a substance other than cement, water, or aggregate added to a concrete or mortar mix to alter its properties or those of the hardened product?

Answer 26

ADMIXTURE

Question 27

What is an admixture that disperses entrained air in a concrete or mortar mix to increase workability improve resistance of the cured product to the cracking induced by free thaw cycles or the scaling caused by deicing chemicals and in larger amounts to produce lightweight insulating concrete?

Answer 27

AIR-ENTRAINING AGENT

Question 28

What is an admixture that hastens the setting and strength development of a concrete, mortar or plaster mix?

Answer 28

ACCELERATOR

Question 29

What is an admixture that slows the setting of a concrete, mortar, or plaster mix in order to allow more time for placing and working the mix?

Answer 29

RETARDER

Question 30

What is an ad mixture for reducing the surface tension of the mixing water in a concrete mix thereby facilitating the wetting and penetrating action of the water or aiding in the emulsifying and dispersion of other additives in the mix?

Answer 30

SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENT SURFACTANT

Question 31

What is an admixture for reducing the amount of mixing water required for the desired workability of a concrete or mortar mix, lowering the water-cement ratio in this manner generally results in increased strength?

Answer 31

WATER-REDUCING AGENT SUPERPLASTICIZERS

Question 32

What is the pigment or dye added to a concrete mix to alter or control its color?

Answer 32

COLORING AGENT

Question 33

What is a strong lightweight aggregate obtained by the exfoliation of clay or shale?

Answer 33

EXPANDED SHALE/CLAY

Question 34

What is a strong lightweight aggregate obtained by the exfoliation of slate?

Answer 34

EXPANDED SLATE

Question 35

Refers to the splitting or swelling of certain minerals into a scaly aggregate when heated?

Answer 35

EXFOLIATION

Question 36

What is a volcanic glass expanded by heat to form lightweight, spherical particles used as non-structural lightweight aggregate and as loose-fill thermal insulation?

Answer 36

PEARLITE/PERLITE

Question 37

What is mica expanded by heat into very light, warm-like threads used as non-structural lightweight aggregate and as loose fill thermal insulation?

Answer 37

VERMICULITE

Question 38

What is concrete made with aggregate of low specific gravity and weighing less than normal concrete which has a unit weight of about 150 pcf (2,400 kg/m3)

Answer 38

LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

Question 39

What is a concrete made with strong lightweight aggregate such as expanded shale Forest lake having a unit weight from 85 to 115 pcf (1362 to 1840 kg/m3) and compressive strength comparable to that of normal concrete?

Answer 39

STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

Question 40

What is the lightweight concrete having a unit weight of less than 60 pcf (960 kg/m3) and low thermal conductivity made with lightweight aggregate such as perlite or with a foaming agent or gas-forming chemical that infuses the mix with a homogeneous cellular structure?

Answer 40

INSULATING CONCRETE

Question 41

What is a law postulating that with given concrete materials, curing, and testing conditions the compressive strength of concrete is inversely proportional to the ratio of water to cement?

Answer 41

ABRAM'S LAW

Question 42

How much is the quantity of cement per unit volume of concrete or more time mix?

Answer 42

7%-15%

Question 43

How much is a quantity of water per unit volume of concrete on mortar mix?

Answer 43

16%-21%

Question 44

How much is the quantity of air in a concrete or mortar mix?

Answer 44

1%-3%

Question 45

How much is the quantity of fine aggregate in a concrete or mortar mix?

Answer 45

25%-30%

Question 46

How much is the quantity of course aggregate in a concrete or mortar mix?

Answer 46

31%-51%

Question 47

What is the method for determining the consistency and workability of freshly mixed concrete by measuring the slump of a test specimen?

Answer 47

SLUMP TEST

Question 48

What is a measure of the consistency and workability of freshly mixed concrete expressed as the vertical settling in inches of a specimen after it has been placed in a slump cone, tamped in a prescribed manner, and the cone is lifted?

Answer 48

SLUMP

Question 49

What is a concrete or mortar mix that flows sluggishly without segregating and is readily molded?

Answer 49

PLASTIC MIX

Question 50

What is a concrete or mortar mix containing little water or too much aggregate in relation to the other components and having little or no slump?

Answer 50

DRY MIX STIFF MIX

Question 51

What is a concrete or mortar mix having a relatively high water content and runny consistency yielding a product that is low in strength, durability, and water tightness?

Answer 51

WET MIX

Question 52

What is an open-ended truncated cone of sheet metal 12 in (305 mm) high with a base diameter of 8 in (203 mm) and the top diameter of 4 in (102 mm) used to mold a specimen of freshly mixed concrete for the slump test?

Answer 52

SLUMP CONE

Question 53

What is the test for determining the compressive strength of a concrete batch using a hydraulic press to measure the maximum load a test cylinder can support in axial compression before fracturing?

Answer 53

COMPRESSION TEST

Question 54

What is a cylinder of concrete 6 in (152mm) in diameter and 12 in (305 mm) high cast from a representative batch and cured in a laboratory or in the field under controlled conditions?

Answer 54

TEST CYLINDER

Question 55

What is a compression test of a cylinder cut from a hardened concrete structure usually by means of a core drill?

Answer 55

CORE TEST

Question 56

What is a temporary structure required to support newly placed concrete including the forms and all necessary supporting members, bracing, and hardware?

Answer 56

FORMWORK

Question 57

What is boarding or sheeting of wood, metal, plastic, or fiberglass for containing and giving a desired shape to newly placed concrete until it sets and gains sufficient strength to be self-supporting?

Answer 57

FORM

Question 58

What is a material for lining the inside phase of a form especially selected to impart a smooth or pattern finish to the concrete surface?

Answer 58

FORM LINER

Question 59

Refers to any of various materials such as oil or silicon for preventing the bonding of concrete to a surface

Answer 59

RELEASE AGENT PARTING COMPOUND

Question 60

What is a partition closing the end of a form or preventing the passage of newly placed concrete at a construction joint?

Answer 60

BULKHEAD

Question 61

What is a longitudinal groove or channel formed in a concrete footing or other member that has set providing a she resisting key for newly placed concrete?

Answer 61

KEYWAY

Question 62

What is a clamping device for keeping column forms or the tops of wall forms from spreading under the fluid pressure of newly placed concrete?

Answer 62

YOKE

Question 63

What is a brace usually of wood for spacing and keeping wall or footing forms apart?

Answer 63

SPREADER SPACER

Question 64

What is a horizontal timber or still beam for reinforcing various vertical members as in form work or sheet piling or for retaining earth at the edge of an embankment?

Answer 64

WALER BREAST TIMBER RANGER WALE

Question 65

What is a vertical support for aligning and reinforcing walers?

Answer 65

STRONGBACK/STIFFBACK

Question 66

What is a strip of wood or other material attached to a form to produce a smooth, rounded or beveled edge on the outside corner of a concrete member?

Answer 66

CHAMFER STRIP

Question 67

What is a strip of wood or other material attached to the inside face of a form to produce a groove in the surface of a concrete member?

Answer 67

RUSTICATION STRIP

Question 68

What is a wood strip fixed to the inside face of a form to indicate the top of a concrete lift?

Answer 68

GRADE STRIP

Question 69

What is any of a variety of slotted devices for tightening formwork and transferring the force in a form tie to the walers?

Answer 69

WEDGE

Question 70

what is a trademark for a brand of cylindrical column form made of impressed, resin-impregnated paper?

Answer 70

SONOTUBE

Question 71

What is a device for supporting and holding steel reinforcement in proper position before and during the placing of concrete?

Answer 71

CHAIR

Question 72

What is a tall chair for supporting top bars in a concrete beam or slab?

Answer 72

HIGH CHAIR

Question 73

What is a wide chair for supporting and spacing bottom bars in a concrete beam or slab?

Answer 73

BOLSTER

Question 74

What is a metal tie for keeping wall forms from spreading under the fluid pressure of newly placed concrete?

Answer 74

FORM TIE

Question 75

What is a form tie having notches or crimps, which allow its bends to be snapped off below the concrete surface after stripping of the forms?

Answer 75

SNAP TIE

Question 76

What is a form tie having cones at each end inside the forms, which allow it to also serve as a spreader?

Answer 76

CONE BOLT

Question 77

What is a small, truncated cone of wood, steel, or plastic attached to a form tie to space and spread wall forms, leaving a neatly finished depression in the concrete surface to be filled or left exposed?

Answer 77

CONE

Question 78

What is a form tie consisting of waler rods that are inserted through the form and threaded onto the ends of an inner rod; after stripping, the waler rods are removed while the inner rod remains in the concrete?

Answer 78

SHE BOLT

Question 79

What is a form that can be raised vertically for succeeding lifts of concrete during the construction of a multistory building?

Answer 79

CLIMBING FORM

Question 80

What is the height of a quantity of concrete placed in a form at one time?

Answer 80

LIFT

Question 81

What is a form that can be moved slowly and continuously as concrete is being placed during the construction of a concrete pavement or bldg?

Answer 81

SLIP FORM

Question 82

What is a large form that can be moved by a crane, used in constructing the concrete floors and roofs of multistory bldgs?

Answer 82

FLYING FORM

Question 83

What is a concrete deposited, formed, and cured, and finished in its final position as part of a structure?

Answer 83

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE CAST-IN-SITU-CONCRETE

Question 84

What is the period from first contact between mixing water and cement to completion of discharge of the freshly mixed concrete from a truck mixer?

Answer 84

TIME OF HALL

Question 85

What is the process of depositing and consolidating freshly mixed concrete in a form or in the final position where it is to harden?

Answer 85

PLACEMENT

Question 86

What is a truck equipped with a rotating drum to prevent segregation or loss of plasticity of the ready-mixed concrete being delivered to a construction site?

Answer 86

AGITATOR TRUCK

Question 87

What is a truck equipped with a rotating drum and a separate water tank for mixing concrete en route to a construction site?

Answer 87

TRUCK MIXER

Question 88

What concrete is mixed at a batch plant for delivery by an agitator truck to a construction site?

Answer 88

READY-MIXED CONCRETE

Question 89

What concrete is partially mixed at a batch plant and then mixed more completely in a truck mixer en route to a construction site?

Answer 89

SHRINK-MIXED CONCRETE

Question 90

What concrete is dry batched at a batch plant and mixed in a truck mixer en route to a construction site?

Answer 90

TRANSIT-MIXED CONCRETE

Question 91

What machine has a revolving drum, often motor-driven, for mixing cement, aggregate, and water to produce concrete?

Answer 91

CONCRETE MIXER

Question 92

What do you call the discharging of freshly mixed concrete directly into a form from a concrete directly into a form from a concrete mixer, buggy, or crane bucket?

Answer 92

DIRECT PLACEMENT

Question 93

What is a cart, often motor-driven, for transporting heavy materials, such as freshly mixed concrete, for short distances at a construction site?

Answer 93

BUGGY

Question 94

What do you call the descent for freshly mixed concrete into a form without the aid of a drop chute?

Answer 94

FREE FALL

Question 95

What is a chute for containing and directing a falling stream of freshly mixed concrete so as not to cause segregation?

Answer 95

DROP CHUTE

Question 96

What is an inclined trough or tube for conveying free-flowing materials to a lower level by gravity?

Answer 96

CHUTE

Question 97

What is the process of eliminating voids other than entrained air within newly placed concrete and ensuring close contact of the concrete with form surfaces and embedded reinforcement?

Answer 97

CONSOLIDATION

Question 98

What do you call the consolidation of newly placed concrete by the repeated insertions and withdrawals of a flat spadelike tool?

Answer 98

SPADING

Question 99

What do you call the consolidation of newly placed concrete by the repeated insertions and withdrawals of a rod?

Answer 99

RODDING

Question 100

What do you call the consolidation of newly placed concrete by the moderately high-frequency oscillations of a vibrator?

Answer 100

VIBRATION

Question 101

What is an electric or pneumatic oscillating tool for agitating and consolidating newly placed concrete?

Answer 101

VIBRATOR

Question 102

what do you call the separation of coarse aggregate from the mortar of water from the other ingredients of freshly mixed concrete, resulting from excessive horizontal movement or free fall of the mix, or from overvibration after placement?

Answer 102

SEGREGATION

Question 103

What do you call the separation of an excessively wet or overvibrated concrete mix into horizontal, with increasingly lighter material migrating toward the top?

Answer 103

STRATIFICATION

Question 104

What do you call the emergence of excess mixing water on the surface of newly placed concrete, caused by settlement of solids within the mass?

Answer 104

BLEEDING WATER GAIN

Question 105

What do you call a milky deposit containing cement and aggregate fines on the surface of new concrete I caused by the bleeding of excess mixing water, overworking of the mix, or improper finishing?

Answer 105

LAITANCE

Question 106

What is the process of leveling, smoothing, compacting, and treating a newly placed to concrete surface to produce the desired texture and appearance?

Answer 106

FINISHING

Question 107

What is a wooden or metal straightedge drawn over a newly placed concrete slab to bring it to proper level?

Answer 107

SCREED

Question 108

What is a long wooden or metal straightedge for smoothing a fresh concrete surface immediately after screeding?

Answer 108

DARBY

Question 109

What is a flat tool for spreading and smoothing a fresh concrete, stucco, or plaster surface?

Answer 109

FLOAT

Question 110

What is a float having a large, flat blade attached to a long handle?

Answer 110

BULL FLOAT

Question 111

What is an exposed concrete work requiring special care in the selection of materials, forming, placing, and finishing to acquire the desired appearance?

Answer 111

ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE

Question 112

What is concrete left in its natural state after formwork is removed, esp. when the concrete surface reflects the texture, joints, and fasteners of a board form?

Answer 112

BÉTON BRUT

Question 113

What is a colored finish produced by sprinkling a dry mixture of cement, sand, and pigment on a fresh concrete surface following screeding and after any free water has evaporated, and then working the mixture into the surface with a float?

Answer 113

DRY-SHAKE FINISH

Question 114

What is a striated finish obtained by stroking a broom or stiff brush over a freshly troweled concrete surface?

Answer 114

BROOM FINISH

Question 115

What is a decorative finish produced by sandblasting, etching with an acid, or scrubbing a concrete surface after the initial set in order to remove the outer layer of cement paste and expose the aggregate?

Answer 115

EXPOSED AGGREGATE FINISH

Question 116

What is a textured finish given to a fresh plaster or concrete surface by troweling with a circular, overlapping motion?

Answer 116

SWIRL FINISH

Question 117

what is a coarse-textured finish obtained by fracturing a concrete or stone surface with a power-driven hammer having a rectangular head with a corrugated, serrated, or toothed face?

Answer 117

BUSHHAMMERED FINISH

Question 118

What is a dense, smooth finish obtained by working a fresh concrete or plaster surface with a steel trowel?

Answer 118

TROWEL FINISH

Question 119

what is a fine-textured finish obtained by smoothing a fresh concrete, plaster, or studio surface with a wood float?

Answer 119

FLOAT FINISH

Question 120

What is a flat-bladed hand tool for applying, spreading, working, or smoothing plastic material, such as concrete, mortar, and plaster?

Answer 120

TROWEL

Question 121

What is a portable machine having steel trowels mounted on radial arms that rotate about a vertical shaft to smooth, compact, and finish a fresh concrete surface?

Answer 121

POWER TROWEL

Question 122

What is a trowel having a long, curved lip for rounding the edges of a fresh concrete slab as it begins to set?

Answer 122

EDGER

Question 123

What is a wheel-mounted, rotary power saw equipped with a silicon-carbide or diamond blade for cutting a control joint in a hardened concrete slab?

Answer 123

PAVEMENT SAW

Question 124

A term used to refer to the assumption of a rigid or hard state by concrete, mortar, plaster, or glue due to a physical on chemical change

Answer 124

SET

Question 125

A term used to refer to maintaining newly placed concrete or mortar at the required temperature and humidity for the first seven days following placement, casting, or finishing to ensure satisfactory on hydration of the cementitious materials and proper hardening

Answer 125

CURE

Question 126

What do you call the heat generated by the process of hydration as during the setting and curing of a concrete mix?

Answer 126

HEAT OF HYDRATION

Question 127

What is the process in which a substance combines chemically with water as that occuring when cement is mixed with water?

Answer 127

HYDRATION

Question 128

What are the voids on a formed concrete surface, caused by segregation during placement or by insufficient consolidation?

Answer 128

HONEYCOMB

Question 129

What is the chipping or scaling of a hardened concrete or masonry surface caused by freeze-thaw cycles or the application of deicing salts?

Answer 129

SPALLING

Question 130

What are the numerous hairlike cracks occurring in the surface of a newly hardened concrete slab as a result of rapid drying shrinkage?

Answer 130

CRAZING

Question 131

what is a reduction in volume of concrete, mortar, or plaster caused by loss of moisture?

Answer 131

DRYING SHRINKAGE

Question 132

What is a reduction in volume of concrete prior to its final set, caused by hydration of the cement paste?

Answer 132

SETTING SHRINKAGE