VISUAL DICTIONARY IV Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
What is a structural system utilizing the cable as the principle means of support?
A
CABLE STRUCTURE
2
Q
What are flexible structural members, such as a wire rope or metal chain, having high tensile strength, but offering no resistance to compression or bending
A
CABLE
3
Q
Refers to the vertical distance from the supports to the lowest point of a cable structure
A
SAG
4
Q
What are the general sag:span ratios of cable structures?
A
between 1: 8 and 1:10
5
Q
What is the shape assumed by freely deforming cable in direct response to the magnitude and location of external forces?
A
FUNICULAR SHAPE
6
Q
What is the shape assumed by a freely deforming cable in direct response to a set of concentrated loads?
A
FUNICULAR POLYGON
7
Q
What is the shape assumed by a freely deforming cable indirect response to a uniformly distributed load?
A
FUNICULAR CURVE
8
Q
What is the curve assumed by a perfectly flexible uniform cable suspended freely from two points not in the same vertical line?
A
CATENARY
9
Q
What is a structure shape to carry or support a given loading by either axial tension or compression?
A
FUNICULAR STRUCTURE
10
Q
What is a lens-shaped structure having the outward thrust of an arch balanced by the inward pulse of a cable, resulting in no net lateral forces at the supports?
A
LENTICULAR STRUCTURE
11
Q
What is a structure of cable suspended and pre-stressed between compression members to directly support applied loads?
A
SUSPENSION STRUCTURE
12
Q
What bridge has a deck suspended from cables raised on towers and securely anchored to abutments at the ends?
A
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
13
Q
The first two is suspension structure utilizing a parallel series of cables to support surface forming beams or plates. This structure is susceptible to flutter induced by the aerodynamic effects of wind. This liability can be reduced by increasing the dead load on the structure or anchoring the primary cables to the ground with transverse guy cables
A
SINGLE-CURVATURE STRUCTURE
14
Q
What is a cable for absorbing the horizontal component of thrust in a suspension or cable-stayed structure and transferring the force to a ground foundation?
A
GUY CABLE
15
Q
What is a vertical or inclined compression member in a suspension or cable stayed structure supporting the sum of the vertical force components in the primary and guide cables; inclining this member enables it to pick up some of the horizontal cable thrust and reduces the force in the guy cables?
A
MAST
16
Q
What is a suspension structure having upper and lower sets of cables of different curvatures pretensioned by ties or compression struts to make the system more rigid and resistant to flutter?
A
DOUBLE-CABLE STRUCTURE
17
Q
Reference to one of the pretension cables directly supporting the load on a suspension structure
A
PRIMARY CABLE
18
Q
Refers to one of the pretention cables used for stabilizing a suspension structure against flutter, usually having a curvature opposite to that of the primary cables
A
SECONDARY CABLE
19
Q
What is a cable for anchoring a set of secondary cables in a suspension structure?
A
BOUNDARY CABLE
20
Q
What is a suspension structure composed of a field of crossed cables of different and often reverse curvatures. Each set of cables has a different natural period of vibration, thus forming a self-dampening system that is more resistant to flutter?.
A
DOUBLE-CURVATURE STRUCTURE
21
Q
What structure has vertical or inclined mass from which cables extend to support horizontally spanning members arranged in a parallel or radial pattern?
A
CABLE-STAYED STRUCTURE
22
Q
what is the overhead interior surface of the lining of a room, often concealing the underside of the floor or roof above?
A
CEILING
23
Q
What is the underside of a floor showing the supporting beams and finished to form a ceiling?
A
BEAM CEILING
24
Q
What is a ceiling having a cove?
A
COVE CEILING
25
What is the concave surface forming a part of a ceiling at its edge so as to eliminate the usual interior angle between the wall and the ceiling?
COVE
26
What do you call a ceiling having the form of a truncated pyramid?
CAMP CEILING
27
Refers to one of a number of recessed, usually square or octagonal panels in a ceiling, soffit, or vault.
COFFER
Also,
CAISSON
LACUNAR
28
What do you call a ceiling, soffit, or vault adorned with a pattern of recessed panels?
LACUNAR
29
What do you call a flat or vaulted ceiling of decorative character?
PLAFOND
30
What is a secondary ceiling formed to provide space for piping or ductwork, or to alter the proportions of a room?
DROP CEILING
31
What is a ceiling suspended from an overhead floor or roof structure to provide space for pipes, ductwork, lighting fixtures, or other service equipment?
SUSPENDED CEILING
32
What do you call the space between a suspended ceiling and the floor structure above, esp. one that serves as a receiving chamber for conditioned air to be distributed to inhabited spaces or for return air to be conveyed back to a central plant for processing?
PLENUM
33
What is a ceiling of acoustical tile or other sound-absorbing material?
ACOUSTICAL CEILING
34
What tile is made in various sizes and textures from a soft, sound-absorbing material, such as cork, mineral fiber, or glass fiber?
ACOUSTICAL TILE
35
What is an acoustical tile consisting of a steel or aluminum pan having a perforated face and containing a separate layer of sound-absorbing material?
METAL PAN
36
What is the principal member of the grid supporting a suspended ceiling system, usually a sheet-metal channel or tee suspended by hanger wires from the overhead structure?
MAIN RUNNER
37
What is the secondary member of the grid supporting a suspended ceiling system, usually a sheet-metal tree carried by the main runners?
CROSS TEE
38
What is a thin metal strip inserted into the edges of two acoustical tiles to make a butt joint between them?
SPLINE
39
What is a groove out into the edges of an acoustical tile to receive a spline or T-shaped member of a supporting grid?
KERF
40
What do you call a metal grid of inverted tees supporting the acoustical tiles of a suspended ceiling?
EXPOSED GRID
41
What do you call a metal grid for supporting a suspended ceiling of acoustical tiles having rabbeted joints?
RECESSED GRID
42
What do you call a metal grid supporting the acoustical tiles of a suspended ceiling, hidden within kerfs cut into the edges of the tiles?
CONCEALED GRID
43
What is a suspended ceiling system of narrow metal strips, usually incorporating modular lighting and air-handling components?
LINEAR METAL CEILING
44
What is a suspended ceiling of translucent panels for diffusing the light from luminaires mounted above it?
LUMINOUS CEILING
45
what is a suspended ceiling of multi-cellular louvers for shielding the light sources mounted above it?
LOUVERED CEILING
46
What is a suspended ceiling system incorporating acoustical, lighting, and air-handling components into a unified whole?
INTEGRATED CEILING
47
What is a long, narrow diffuser designed to disperse air through slots between the panels of an integrated ceiling system?
LINEAR DIFFUSER
or
SLOT DIFFUSER
48
Refers to any of various hard, brittle, noncorrosive, and nonconductive materials formed by the ionic bonding of a metal and a nonmetal, such as brick, concrete, and natural stone
CERAMIC
49
Refers to any of various products made by firing clay or similar materials in a kiln, such as brick, tile, and pottery
CERAMIC WARE
50
Refers to a low-fired, opaque, non vitreous ceramic ware
EARTHENWARE
51
Refers to a high-fired, opaque, vitrified ceramic ware
STONEWARE
52
Refers to a hard, vitreous, translucent ceramic material consisting essentially of kaolin, feldspar, and quartz, fired at a very high temperature
PORCELAIN
53
Refers to a translucent ceramic material, bisque-fired at a high temperature and glaze-fired at a lower temperature
CHINA
54
Refers to a fine white clay used in the manufacture of porcelain and white portland cement
KAOLIN
Also,
CHINA CLAY
55
Refers to a vitreous, usually opaque, decorative or protective coating applied by fusion to the surface of metal, glass, or pottery
ENAMEL
56
Refers to an opaque, glassy coating bonded to metal by fusing at a high temperature
PORCELAIN ENAMEL
or
VITREOUS ENAMEL
57
What is the process of hardening or glazing ceramic ware by heating in a kiln to a specified temperature?
FIRING
58
Refers to make a day body vitreous by firing at a specified temperature
VITRIFY
59
Refers to being fired at a high temperature to a near vitrification and having relatively low absorption and high compressive strength
HARD-BURNED
60
Refers to resembling glass, as in transparency, hardness, brittleness, luster, or having low or no porosity
VITREOUS
61
Refers to being fired at a low temperature and having relatively high absorption and low compressive strength
SOFT-BURNED
62
Refers to having a moderate water absorption of slightly under 6%
SEMIVITREOUS
63
Refers to having a water absorption of greater than 7%
NONVITREOUS
64
What is a thermochemical bond between materials resulting from exposure to temperatures approaching the fusion point of the mixture?
CERAMIC BOND
65
Refers to the portion of a ceramic article or the clay material or mixture from which it is made
BODY
66
Refers to being fired to harden a clay body
BISQUE-FIRED
67
Refers to earthenware or porcelain that has been fired once but not glazed
BISQUE or BISCUIT
68
Refers to being fired to fuse a glaze to a clay body
GLAZE-FIRED
69
What is a vitreous layer or coating fused to a clay body to color, decorate, waterproof, or strengthen its surface?
GLAZE
70
Refers to a fused or partially fused material that is ground to introduce a soluble or unstable ingredient into glazes or enamel
FRIT
71
What is any of various fired clay tiles used for surfacing walls, floors, and countertops?
CERAMIC TILE
72
What is a ceramic tile having a nonvitreous body and a bright, matte, or crystalline glaze, used for surfacing interior walls and light-duty floors?
GLAZED WALL TILE
73
What is a small ceramic tile having a porcelain or natural clay body, glazed for surfacing walls, or unglazed for use on both floors and walls and usually face or back-mounted on sheets to facilitate handling and speed installation?
CERAMIC MOSAIC TILE
74
What is an unglazed ceramic floor tile having a natural clay body?
QUARRY TILE
Also,
PROMENADE TILE
75
What is an unglazed ceramic floor tile similar in composition to ceramic mosaic tile but thicker and larger in surface area?
PAVER TILE
76
What is any of various specially shaped ceramic tiles for finishing an edge or angle?
TRIMMER
77
What is a coved tile set at the meeting of a floor and wall to prevent accumulation of dirt and to facilitate cleaning?
SANITARY BASE
78
What is any of the ceramic or nonceramic articles designed to be affixed to or inserted in tile work, such as tower bars, soap holders, and the like?
TILE ACCESSORY
79
What do you call a tile-setting process in which ceramic tile is applied over a portland cement mortar bed 3/4 to 1 1/2 in. (19 to 38mm) thick, which allows for accurate slopes and planes in the finished work?
THICK-SET PROCESS
80
What is a field mix of portland cement, sand, water, and sometimes hydrated lime, used for leveling or setting ceramic tile in the thick-set process?
PORTLAND CEMENT MORTAR
81
What is a thin wat of mortar for bonding ceramic tile to a backing?
BOND COAT
82
What is a tile-setting process in which ceramic tile is bonded to a continuous, stable backing with a thin coat of dry-set mortar, latex-portland cement mortar epoxy mortar , or an organic adhesive, 1/32 to 1/8 in. (10.8 to 3.2 mm) thick?
THIN-BED PROCESS
83
What is a cementitious or resinous mix for filling joints in ceramic tile work?
TILE GROUT
84
What is a hollow tile of fired clay having parallel cells or cores, used in building walls and partitions?
STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE
85
What do you call a load-bearing structural clay tile suitable for masonry walls not exposed to frost action, or in exposed masonry where protected by a facing of 3 in (76.2mm) or more of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry?
LB
86
What is a load-bearing structural clay tile suitable for masonry walls exposed to weathering or frost action?
LBX
87
Refers to any of various cellular building units of fired clay, concrete, or gypsum, used for building walls, floors, and roofs, or for fireproofing steelwork
HOLLOW TILE
88
What is a structural day tile having a glazed surface, used for facing walls, and partitions, esp. in areas subject to heavy wear, moisture, and strict sanitation requirements?
STRUCTURAL FACING TILE
89
What is a structural facing tile suitable for exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and partitions where moderate absorption, slight variation in face dimensions, minor defects in surface finish, and medium color range are acceptable?
FTS
90
What is a smooth structural racing tile suitable for exposed exterior and interior masonry walls, and partitions where low absorption and stain resistance are required, and where a high degree of mechanical perfection, minimum variation in face dimensions, and narrow color range are desired?
FTX
91
What is a hard, fired clay, reddish-brown in color when unglazed, used for architectural facings and ornaments, pile units, and pottery?
TERRA COTTA
92
What is a hard-burned, glazed or unglazed terra cotta, hand-molded or machine-extruded to order as a ceramic veneer for walls or for ornamentation?
ARCHITECTURAL TERRA COTTA
93
What is a sun-dried brick made of clay and straw, commonly used in regions with little rainfall?
ADOBE
94
What is a stiff mixture of clay, sand or other aggregate, and water, compressed and dried within forms as a wall construction?
RAMMED EARTH
also,
PISÉ, PISAY, PISÉ DE TERRE
95
What is the religion founded on the teachings of Jesus Christ, including the catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox churches?
CHRISTIANITY
96
What is an early Christian church, characterized by a long, rectangular plan, a high colonnaded have lit by a clerestory and covered by a timbered gable roof, two or four lower side aisles, a semicircular apse at the end, a narthex, and often other features, such as an atrium, a bema, and a small circular apse terminating the aisles?
BASILICA
97
What is a forecourt of an early Christian Church, flanked or surrounded by porticoes?
ATRIUM
98
What is the covered walk of an atrium or cloister of an early Christian basilica?
AMBULATORY
99
What is the basin for ritual cleansing with water in the atrium of an early Christian basilica?
CANTHARUS
100
What do you call a building for public Christian worship?
CHURCH
101
What is a portico or vestibule before the nave of an early Christian or Byzantine church, occupied by those not yet christened?
NARTHEX
102
What is an inner narthex when two are present of an early Christian basilica?
ESONARTHEX
103
What is a covered walk or outer narthex situated before an inner narthex?
EXONARTHEX
104
What is the principal or central part of a church, extending from the narthex to the choir or chancel and usually flanked by aisles?
NAVE
105
What is any of the longitudinal divisions of a church, separated from the nave by a row of columns or piers?
AISLE
106
What is a semicircular or polygonal projection of a building, usually vaulted and used esp. at the sanctuary or east end of a church?
APSE or APSIS
107
What is the bishop's throne, occupying a recess or apse in an early Christian church?
TRIBUNE
108
What is a transverse open space separating the nave and the apse of an early Christian Church, developing into the transept of later cruciform churches?
BEMA
109
What is a sacred or holy place, as that part of a church in which the principal altar is placed?
SANCTUARY
110
What is the table in a Christian church upon which the Eucharist, the sacrament celebrating Christ's Last Supper, is celebrated?
ALTAR
Also,
COMMUNION TABLE
111
What is the ornamental canopy of stone or marble permanently placed over the altar in a church?
BALDACHIN
Also,
BALDACHINO
BALDAQUIN
CIBORIUM
112
What is either of two raised stands from which the Gospels or Epistles were read or chanted in an early Christian church?
AMBO
Also,
AMBON
113
What is a part of church or a separate building in which baptism is administered?
BAPTISTERY
Also,
BAPTISTRY
114
What do you call the sacrament of initiation into Christianity, symbolic of spiritual regeneration, marked by a ceremonial immersion or application of water?
BAPTISM
115
What is the basin, usually of stone, holding the water used in baptism?
FONT
116
What is the representation of a sacred Christian personage, such as Christ or a saint or angel, typically painted on a wood surface and itself venerated as being sacred, esp. in the tradition of the Eastern Church?
ICON
117
What is a screen or partition on which icons are placed, separating the bema from the nave of an Eastern church?
ICONOSTASIS
Also,
ICONOSTAS
118
What is a large apsidal extension of the interior volume of a church?
EXEDRA
Also,
EXHEDRA
119
What is the monumental western front of a Romanesque church, treated as a tower or towers containing a low entrance hall below and a chapel open to the nave above?
WESTWORK
120
What is the major transverse part of a cruciform church, crossing the main axis at a right angle between the nave and choir?
TRANSEPT
121
What is the intersection of the nave and transept in a cruciform church?
CROSSING
122
What is a tall, acutely tapering pyramidal structure surmounting a steeple or tower?
SPIRE
123
What is a tall ornamental structure, usually ending in a spire and surmounting the tower of a church or other public bldg?
STEEPLE
124
What do you call the bell tower, usually one near but not attached to the body of a church?
CAMPANILE
125
What is a bulbous, domelike roof terminating in a sharp point, used esp. in Russian Orthodox church architecture to I cover a cupola or tower?
ONION DOME
126
What is a rose window having distinctly radiating mullions or bars?
WHEEL WINDOW
Also,
CATHERINE WHEEL
MARIGOLD
127
What is the space between an arch and the horizontal head of a door or window below, often decorated with sculpture?
TYMPANUM
128
What is a column supporting the tympanum of a doorway at its center?
TRUMEAU
129
what is a canopied recess for a religious image or icon?
TABERNACLE
130
What is a roofed promenade, esp. one extending inside or outside along the exterior wall of a bldg?
GALLERY
131
What is a gallery or upper level in a church or hall?
LOFT
132
What is the indigenous Scandinavian church of the 12th and 13th centuries, having a timber frame, plank walls, a tiered, steeply pitched roof, and few windows?
STAVE CHURCH
133
What do you call the dwelling place of a hermit, more generally, a secluded place of residence or habitation for a religious person or group?
HERMITAGE
134
What is an arcade, esp. a blind one, composed of arches resting on alternate supports and overlapping in series where they cross?
INTERLACING ARCADE
Also,
INTERSECTING ARCADE
135
What is a series of arches superimposed on a wall for decoration?
BLIND ARCADE
Also,
ARCATURE
136
What is a series of arches supported on piers or columns?
ARCADE
137
What is a term used in describing the arched or vaulted structure of a Romanesque church or Gothic cathedral, as distinguished from the trabeated architecture of an Egyptian hypostyle hall or Greek Doric temple?
Also means "curved or arched like a bow"
ARCUATE
138
What is a pier or pilaster projecting from a wall as a support for an arch or lintel, esp. at the termination of an arcade or colonnade?
RESPOND
139
What is a thickened abacus or supplementary capital set above a column capital to receive the thrust of an arch?
DOSSERET
Also,
IMPOST BLOCK
140
What is a slender spire rising from the ridge of a root, esp. one above the crossing of a Gothic church?
FLÉCHE
141
What is the principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's throne called the cathedra?
CATHEDRAL
142
What do you call the bishop's throne?
CATHEDRA
143
What is a church or other edifice erected over the tomb of a martyr?
MARTYRIUM
144
What is a typical Byzantine church plan having nine bays, the center of which is a large square surmounted by a dome, the smaller square carers are domed or vaulted, and the rectangular side bays are barrel vaulted?
CROSS-IN-SQUARE
145
What do you call a relatively small, usually foliated ornament terminating the peak of a spire or pinnacle?
FINIAL
146
What is a projecting ornament, usually in the form of curved foliage, used esp. in Gothic Architecture to decorate the outer angles of pinnacles, spires, and gables?
CROCKET
147
What is a grotesquely carved figure of a human or animal, esp. one with an open mouth that serves as a sport and projects from a gutter to throw rainwater clear of a bldg?
GARGOYLE
148
What is a mazelike pattern inlaid in the pavement of a medieval church?
LABYRINTH
149
What is a chapel endowed for the saying of Masses and prayers for the souls of the founders or of persons named by them?
CHANTRY
150
What is the space about the altar of a church for the clergy and choir, often elevated above the nave and separated from it by a railing or screen?
CHANCEL
151
What is a separately dedicated part of a church for private prayer, meditation, or small religious services?
CHAPEL
152
What is the rounded east end of a Gothic cathedral, including the apse and ambulatory?
CHEVET
153
What is an aisle encircling the end of the choir or chancel of a church?
AMBULATORY
also,
DEAMBULATORY
154
What is a circular window, usually of stained glass and decorated with tracery symmetrical about the center?
ROSE WINDOW
155
What do you call a glass colored or stained by having pigments baked onto its surface or by having various metallic oxides fused into it while in a molten state?
STAINED GLASS
156
What is an arcaded story in a church, between the nave arches and clerestory and corresponding to the space between the vaulting and the roof of an aisle ?
TRIFORIUM
157
What is an underground chamber or vault used as a burial place, esp. one beneath the main floor of a church?
CRYPT
158
What is a crucifix symbolizing the cross on which Christ was crucified, esp. a large one set above the entrance for the choir or chancel of a medieval church?
ROOD
159
What is a screen, often elaborately adored and properly surmounted by a rood, separating the chancel or choir from the nave of a medieval church?
ROOD SCREEN
160
What is a small porch used as a chapel for penitents at the west end of some medieval English churches?
GALILEE/GALILEE PORCH
161
What is a courtyard or quadrangle enclosed by a cloister?
GARTH / CLOISTER GARTH
162
What is a walk or passage, as along a cloister or behind the parapets of a castle?
ALURE/ALLURE
163
What is the part of a church occupied by the singers of a choir, usually part of the chancel?
CHOIR
164
what is a separate division behind the choir or high altar of a large church?
RETROCHOIR
165
What is a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, usually located behind the high altar of a cathedral at the extremity of the apse?
LADY CHAPEL
166
What do you call the main altar of a church?
HIGH ALTAR
167
What is the part of a church reserved for the officiating clergy?
PRESBYTERY
168
What is an enclosed place, esp. the land surrounding or beside the cathedral?
CLOSE
169
What is the covered passage, esp. one between the transept and chapter house of a cathedral?
SLYPE/SLIP
170
What is the place where the chapter of a cathedral or monastery meets, usually a bldg attached to or a hall forming part of the cathedral or monastery?
CHAPTER HOUSE
171
What is an assembly of the monks in a monastery, or the members of a religious house or order?
CHAPTER
172
What is a monastery under the supervision of an abbot, or a convent under the supervision of an abbess, belonging to the highest rank of such institutions?
ABBEY
173
what is an atrium or cloister beside a church?
PARADISE
174
What is a covered walk having an arcade or colonnade on one side opening onto a courtyard?
CLOISTER
175
What is a covered place for walking, as around a cloister?
AMBULATORY
