VISUAL DICTIONARY XIV Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
What is the level, babe surface of a room or hall upon which one stands or walks?
A
FLOOR
2
Q
what is the wearing surface of a floor, usually laid over a subfloor?
A
FINISH FLOOR
3
Q
What is a base for a finish floor, consisting of boards, plywood, or other structural sheathing laid over and fixed to the floor joist; often used as a working platform during construction and may also act as a structural diaphragm to transfer lateral loads to shear walls?
A
SUBFLOOR
BLIND FLOOR
ROUGH FLOOR
4
Q
What is the act, process, or manner of constructing the structural frame of a floor?
A
FLOOR FRAMING
5
Q
What is a series of small, repetitive parallel beams for supporting floors, ceilings, or flat roofs?
A
JOIST
6
Q
what is a joist set on top of the sill and forming the perimeter of a wood-framed floor?
A
RIM JOIST
7
Q
What is a framing member crossing and supporting the ends of joists, studs, or rafters, so as to transfer the weight to parallel joists, studs, or rafters?
A
HEADER
8
Q
What is a beam, joist, or rafter supporting one end of a header at the edge of an opening in a floor or roof frame?
A
TRIMMER
9
Q
What is a relatively short beam, joist, or rafter supported by a wall at one end and by a header at the other?
A
TAILPIECE
STRINGER
10
Q
What is an arrangement of braces or blocking between joists or rafters to prevent their rotation or lateral displacement, esp. when their depth-to-width ratio exceeds 6?
A
BRIDGING
11
Q
What is bridging consisting of short boards fixed vertically between floor or roof joists?
A
SOLID BRIDGING
12
Q
What is a bridging composed of diagonal braces set in pairs between floor or roof joists?
A
CROSSBRIDGING
13
Q
What is an opening in the vertical face of a structural member to receive a beam?
A
BEAM POCKET
14
Q
What do you call an angular cut at the end of a joist or beam where it enters a masonry wall, allowing the member to fall without damaging the wall if it burns through somewhere along its length?
A
FIRECUT
15
Q
What is the structural surface which flooring or roofing is applied?
A
DECK
16
Q
What is a self-supporting units of wood, metal, or concrete capable of spanning beams, joists, rafters, or purlins and serving as a base for flooring or roofing?
A
DECKING
17
Q
What is a metal decking serving as permanent formwork for a reinforced concrete slab until the slab can support itself?
A
FORM DECKING
18
Q
What is a sheet steel strengthened for use as floor or roof decking by cold-rolling a series of ribs or flutes into it, and usually galvanized for corrosion resistance?
A
METAL DECKING
19
Q
what is a steel pin welded to the top flange of a steel bean, or girder and embedded in a concrete slab so as to cause the beam and the concrete to act as a structural unit?
A
SHEAR STUD
20
Q
What is a metal decking serving as permanent formwork and tensile reinforcement for a concrete slab bonded to it by a deformed or dovetail rib pattern?
A
COMPOSITE DECKING
21
Q
What is a metal decking containing glass fiber between the perforated webs of ribbed decking or in the perforated cells of cellular decking, used as a sound-absorbing ceiling?
A
ACOUSTIC DECKING
22
Q
What is a metal decking manufactured by welding a corrugated steel sheet to a flat steel sheet, forming a series of raceways for electrical wires and cables?
A
CELLULAR DECKING
23
Q
What is a system of removable and interchangeable floor panels supported on an adjustable pedestals or stringers to allow free access to the space beneath?
A
ACCESS FLOORING SYSTEM
RAISED FLOORING SYSTEM
24
Q
What do you call the material used for wearing surface of a floor, such as hardwood, terrazzo, or floor tile?
A
FINISH FLOORING
25
What is a finish flooring in the form of wood strips, planks, or blocks?
WOOD FLOORING
26
What is a flooring composed of long, narrow wood strips, usually side and end-matched?
STRIP FLOORING
27
What is a flooring composed of boards wider than strip flooring, usually side and end-matched?
PLANK FLOORING
28
Of or pertaining to a wood or stone piece having a back face hollowed out so that it can fit more tightly against an irregular surface
HOLLOW-BACKED
29
What is any of a number of wooden strips laid upon a concrete slab to provide a means of attaching a subfloor or flooring?
SLEEPER
30
What is a long-wearing flooring composed of solid wood blocks set in adhesive with their grain oriented vertically?
SOLID BLOCK FLOORING
31
What do you call a floor composed of short strips or blocks of wood forming a pattern, sometimes with inlays of other wood or other materials?
PARQUET
32
What do you call the mosaic work of wood used for floors and wainscotting?
PARQUETRY
33
What is a flooring composed of square units preassembled at the mill and usually installed with mastic over a wood subfloor or concrete slab?
BLOCK FLOORING
34
What is a flooring block made by joining short lengths of strip flooring edgewise, usually tongued on two adjoining sides and grooved on the other two to ensure proper alignment in setting?
UNIT BLOCK
35
what is a flooring block made by bonding three or more wood veneers with a moisture-resistant adhesive, usually tongued on two opposing sides and grooved on the other two to ensure proper alignment in setting?
LAMINATED BLOCK
36
what is a flooring block made by assembling narrow slats or fingers of hardwood into larger units?
SLAT BLOCK
37
What is a laminated wood flooring made by pressure-gluing cross plies for greater dimensional stability and having a wear layer of solid, often prefinished hardwood?
ENGINEERED FLOORING
38
What is a mosaic floor or paving composed of marble or other stone chips, set in a cementitious or resinous matrix and ground when dry?
TERRAZZO
39
What is a ground and polished terrazzo finish consisting mainly of relatively small stone chips?
STANDARD TERRAZZO
40
What is a ground and polished terrazzo finish consisting mainly of large stone chips, with smaller chips filling the spaces between?
VENETIAN TERRAZZO
41
What is a uniformly textured terrazzo finish produced by washing the matrix prior to setting so as to expose the chips, which are not ground?
RUSTIC TERRAZZO
42
What is a mosaic terrazzo finish consisting of cut or fractured marble slabs set by hand in the desired pattern, with smaller chips filling the spaces between?
PALLADIANA
43
What is the mixture of stone chips and cementitious or resinous matrix that produces a terrazzo surface?
TOPPING
44
What is a chemical substance applied to a substrate to create a bond between it and a succeeding layer, as between a terrazzo topping and a subfloor?
BONDING AGENT
45
what is the mortar base on which a terrazzo topping is applied?
UNDERBED
46
what is a latex, polyester, or epoxy binder combined with stone chips to form a terrazzo topping especially resistant to chemicals and abrasion?
RESINOUS MATRIX
47
what is a thin resinous terrazzo topping directly over a sound wood, metal, or concrete subfloor?
THIN-SET TERRAZZO
48
What is a terrazzo topping installed directly over a rough-finished concrete slab where a chemical bonding agent is used if the concrete surface is too smooth for a mechanical bond?
MONOLITHIC TERRAZZO
49
What is a terrazzo topping installed over a mortar underbed that is bonded to a rough-finished concrete slab?
BONDED TERRAZZO
50
What is a terrazzo system for controlling cracking when structural movement is expected, consisting of a terrazzo topping installed over a reinforced mortar underbed that is separated from the subfloor by an isolation membrane and a thin layer of sand?
SAND-CUSHION TERRAZZO
51
What is a resilient floor covering formed by coating burlap or canvas with heated linseed oil, powdered work, and rosin, and adding pigments to achieve the desired colors and patterns?
LINOLEUM
52
What is a resilient floor covering composed principally of polyvinyl chloride in combination with mineral fillers, pigments, and a fiber, felt, or foam backing?
VINYL SHEET
53
What is a resilient floor tire composed principally of polyvinyl chloride in combination with mineral fillers and pigments?
VINYL TILE
54
What is a resilient floor tire composed of granulated cork and synthetic resin binders, finished with a protective wat of wax or a film of clear polyvinyl chloride; this can only be used on a subfloor suspended above grade?
CORK TILE
55
what is a resilient floor tire composed of natural or synthetic rubber with mineral fillers?
RUBBER TILE
56
What do you call the floor coverings capable of springing back to the original form after being bent or compressed, available in either tile or sheet form and set in mastic over a suitable underlayment?
RESILIENT FLOORING
57
What do you call a material, esp. non fabric material, such as vinyl or ceramic tile, used to cover a floor?
FLOOR COVERING
58
What is a pasty substance used as a sealant, adhesive, or protective coating?
MASTIC
59
What is a material, such as plywood or hardboard, laid over a subfloor to provide a smooth, even base for resilient flooring, carpet, or other nonstructural flooring?
UNDERLAYMENT
60
What is a heavy woven, knitted, needle-tufted, or felted fabric for covering a floor?
CARPET
61
What do you call the upright tufts of yarn forming the surface of a carpet or fabric?
PILE
62
What is a carpet texture created by weaving, tufting, or knitting the pile yarn into loops?
LOOP PILE
63
What is a carpet texture created by cutting each loop of pile yarn, producing a range of textures from informal shags to short, dense velvets?
CUT PILE
64
What do you call the foundation material securing the pile yarns of a carpet and providing it with stiffness, strength, and dimensional stability?
BACKING
65
What is a pad of cellular rubber or felted animal hair, over which carpet is installed to increase resilience, improve durability, and reduce impact sound transmission?
CARPET PAD
CARPET CUSHION
66
What is a carpet made by simultaneously interweaving the backing and pile yarns on a loom?
WOVEN CARPET
67
What is a carpet made by mechanically stitching pile yarn through a primary fabric backing and bonded with latex to a secondary backing?
TUFTED CARPET
68
What is a carpet made by looping the backing, stitching, and pile yarns with three sets of needles?
KNITTED CARPET
69
What is a carpet made by heat-fusing face yarns to a vinyl backing supported by other materials?
FUSION-BONDED CARPET
70
What is a carpet made by propelling short strands of pile fiber electrostatically against an adhesive-coated backing?
FLOCKED CARPET
71
What is a carpet made by punching carpet fibers back and forth through a woven propylene sheet with barbed needles to form a felted fiber mat?
NEEDLEPUNCHED CARPET
72
What is a flooring tile made of carpeting material?
CARPET TILE
73
What do you call the average weight of pile yarn in a carpet, stated in ounces per square yard?
PILE WEIGHT
74
What do you call the weight of pile yarn per unit volume of carpet, stated in ounces per cubic yard?
PILE DENSITY
75
What is the crosswise number of tuft-forming pile yarns in a 27-inch (686mm) width of woven carpet?
PITCH
76
What is the spacing of tufts across the width of a tufted or knitted carpet, expressed in fractions of an inch?
GAUGE
77
What is an influence on a body producing or tending to produce a change in shape or movement?
FORCE
78
What is a quantity possessing both magnitude and direction, represented by an arrow whose length is proportional to the magnitude and whose orientation in space represents the direction?
VECTOR
79
What are concurrent forces having the same line of action, the vector sum of which is the algebraic sum of the magnitudes of the forces, acting along the same line of action?
COLLINEAR FORCES
80
What are forces that operate in a single plane?
COPLANAR FORCES
81
What are forces having lines of action intersecting at a common point, the vector sum of which can be found by applying the parallelogram law?
CONCURRENT FORCES
82
What is the tendency of a force to produce rotation of a body about a point or line, equal in magnitude to the product of the force and the moment arm and acting in a clockwise or counter clockwise direction?
MOMENT
83
What is the perpendicular distance from the line of action of a force to the point or line about which a moment occurs?
MOMENT ARM
FORCE ARM
84
What is a force system of two equal, parallel forces acting in opposite directions and tending to produce rotation but not translation?
COUPLE
85
What are nonconcurrent forces having parallel lines of action?
PARALLEL FORCES
86
What are forces having lines of action that do not intersect at a common point, the vector sum of which is a single force that would cause the same translation and rotation of a body as the set of original forces?
NONCONCURRENT FORCES
87
What do you call the proposition that the vector sum of two concurrent forces can be described by the diagonal of a parallelogram having adjacent sides that represent the two force vectors being added?
PARALLELOGRAM LAW
88
What is a single vector equivalent to and producing the same effect on a body as the application of two or more given vectors?
VECTOR SUM
RESULTANT
89
What is a graphic technique for finding the vector sum of two concurrent forces by displacing one force vector parallel to itself until its tail coincides with the head of the other and completing the triangle with a vector that represents the resultant force?
TRIANGLE METHOD
90
What is a graphic technique for finding the vector sum of a coplanar system of several coil current forces by drawing to scale each force vector in succession, with the tail of each at the head of the one preceding it, and completing the polygon with a vector that represents the resultant force, extending from the tail of the first to the head of the last vector?
POLYGON METHOD
91
What is the point at which the entire weight of a body may be considered concentrated so that, if supported at this point, the body would remain in equilibrium in any position; coincident with the center of mass in a uniform gravitational field?
CENTER OF GRAVITY
92
What is the point at which the entire mass of a body may be considered concentrated such that the moment about any line through the point is zero?
CENTER OF MASS
93
What is the center of a one- or two-dimensional figure, about which the sum of the displacements of all points in the figure is zero?
CENTROID
94
What is the uniform motion of a body in a straight line, without rotation or angular displacement?
TRANSLATION
95
What is the circular motion of a body about an axis?
ROTATION
96
What is the physical law that a body remains at rest or in motion with a constant velocity unless an external force acts on the body?
LAW OF INERTIA
(NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION)
97
What is the tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest or of a body in motion to retain its velocity along a straight line unless acted upon by an external force?
INERTIA
98
What is the force required to bring a set of concurrent forces into equilibrium, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the resultant of the concurrent force system and acting along the same line of action?
EQUILIBRANT
99
what is a state of balance or rest resulting from the equal action of opposing forces?
EQUILIBRIUM
100
what is a rigid element that pivots about a fulcrum to exert a pressure or sustain a weight at a second point by a force applied at a third?
LEVER
101
What is the point or support about which a lever turns?
FULCRUM
102
What is the physical law that the sum of the forces acting on a body is equal to the product of the mass of the body and the acceleration produced by the force, with motion in the direction of the resultant of the forces?
NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
103
What is the physical law that for every force acting on a body, the body exerts a force having equal magnitude and the opposite direction along the same line of action as the original force?
LAW OF ACTION AND REACTION
(NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION)
104
What is a graphic representation of the complete system of applied and reactive forces acting on a body or an isolated part of a structure?
FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAM
105
What is a branch of physics that deals with the effects of forces on bodies or material systems, comprised of statics and dynamics?
MECHANICS
106
What is a branch of mechanics that deals with the relation of forces producing equilibrium among bodies or material systems?
STATICS
107
What is a branch of mechanics that deals with the motion and equilibrium of bodies or material systems under the action of forces?
DYNAMICS
108
What is the external force acting directly on a body?
APPLIED FORCE
109
What is the external force generated by the action of one body on another?
REACTIVE FORCE
110
What is a defensive military work constructed for the purpose of strengthening a position?
FORTIFICATION
111
What is a projecting part of a rampart or other fortification, typically forming an irregular pentagon attached at the base to the main work?
BASTION
112
Refers to being surrounded by or as if by a rampart
CIRCUMVALLATE
113
What is a gateway in a fortification permitting a large number of troops to move rapidly from the besieged position and attack the besiegers?
SALLY PORT
114
What is a vault or chamber in a rampart, having embrasures for artillery?
CASEMATE
115
What is an enclosing wall connecting two bastions or towers?
CURTAIN
116
What is the rear passageway into a bastion or similar outwork?
GORGE
117
What is the top platform or horizontal surface of a rampart where guns are mounted?
TERREPLEIN
118
What is the part of a bastion that extends from the curtain to the face?
FLANK
119
What is the angle between the face and the flank of a bastion?
SHOULDER
120
What is either of the two outer sides that form the salient angle of a bastion?
FACE
121
What is the V-shaped outwork outside the main ditch of a fortress, covering the works between two bastions?
RAVELIN
122
What is a minor defensive position established beyond a main fortified area?
OUTWORK
123
What is a slope extending downward in front of a fortification in such a way that it brings advancing enemy soldiers into the most direct line of fire?
GLACIS
124
What is the inner slope or wall of the ditch surrounding a rampart?
ESCARP
SCARP
125
What is the exterior slope or wall of the ditch surrounding a rampart?
COUNTERSCARP
126
What is a defensive wall or elevation of earth or stone protecting soldiers from enemy fire?
PARAPET
127
What is a projecting course of stones below the parapet of a rampart?
CORDON
128
What is a ledge between the exterior slope of a rampart and the moat of a fortification?
BERM
BERME
129
what is a broad embankment of earth raised as a fortification around a place and usually surmounted by a parapet?
RAMPART
130
what is a steep mound of earth surrounded by a ditch and surmounted by a timber stockade and tower?
MOTTE
131
What do you call a Norman castle of the 10th through 12th centuries, consisting of a motte placed within a bailey?
MOTTE AND BAILEY
132
What is the outer wall of a castle or the courtyard enclosed by it?
BAILEY
133
What is a fence of pales set firmly in the ground for enclosure or defense?
PALISADE
134
What do you call a pointed stick or stake?
PALE
135
what is a fortified group of bldgs usually dominating the surrounding country and held by a prince or noble in feudal times?
CASTLE
136
What is a fortress in a commanding position in or near a city, used in the control of the inhabitants and in defense during attack or siege?
CITADEL
137
what is a subordinate or private place of worship or prayer within a larger complex?
CHAPEL
138
What is the innermost and strongest structure or tower of a medieval castle, used as a place of residence, esp. in times of siege?
KEEP
DONJON
139
What is a small tower forming part of a larger structure, frequently beginning some distance above the ground?
TURRET
TOURELLE
140
What is a small overhanging turret on a wall or tower, often at a corner or near a gateway?
BARTIZAN
141
What is an open space within or between the walls of a castle?
WARD
142
what is an outwork on the approach to a castle or town, esp. a watch tower at the gate or drawbridge?
BARBICAN/BARBACAN
143
What is a fortified wall encircling a castle or town, or the place so enclosed?
ENCEINTE
144
what do you call a lady's private chamber in a medieval castle?
BOWER
145
What is a small rear door or gate to a fort or castle?
POSTERN
146
What is the privy of a medieval castle or monastery?
NECESSARIUM
GARDEROBE
147
What is a temporary wooden fortification in medieval architecture, erected at the top of a wall during a siege?
BRATTICE
148
What is a continuous gangway providing a means of communication behind the rampart of a fortified wall?
CHEMIN-DE-RONDE
149
What is a projecting gallery or parapet at the top of a castle wall, supported by corbeled arches and having openings in the floor through which stones, molten lead, or boiling oil could be cast upon an enemy beneath?
MACHICOLATION
150
What is a large hall serving as the main or central gathering space of a castle?
GREAT HALL
151
what is a dark, often underground prison or cell, as in a medieval castle?
DUNGEON
152
What is a secret dungeon having an opening only in the ceiling, through which prisoners were dropped?
OUBLIETTE
153
What is a parapet having a regular alternation of merlons and crenels, originally for defense but later used as a decorative motif?
BATTLEMENT
EMBATTLEMENT
154
What is one of the solid parts between the crenels of a battlement?
MERLON
155
What are the open spaces alternating with the merlons of a battlement?
CRENEL
156
What is an opening, such as a loophole or crenel, through which missiles may be discharged?
EMBRASURE
157
What is a small or narrow opening in a wall of a fortification for the discharge of missiles?
LOOPHOLE
158
What is a small aperture in the wall of a medieval castle used as a window or loophole?
EYELET
OILLET
OYELET
159
what is a bridge that can be raised, let down, or drawn aside to prevent access or to permit passage beneath it?
DRAWBRIDGE
160
What is a strong grating of iron or timber hung over the gateway of a fortified place in such a way that it could be lowered quickly to prevent passage?
PORTCULLIS
161
What is a broad, deep ditch, usually filled with water, surrounding the rampart of a fortified town, fortress, or castle as protection against assault?
MOAT
