Vocabulary #3 | 2 Flashcards
(41 cards)
2.1 Perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
2.1 Top-Down Processing
Perceiving things based on your prior experiences and knowledge.
2.1 Bottom-Up Processing
When the brain processes sensory information and uses clues to understand stimuli.
2.1 Schema
The cognitive framework that allows a person to interpret a new situation based on their experience in similar, prior experiences.
2.1 Perceptual Set
A predisposition to perceive or notice some aspects of the available sensory data and ignore others.
2.1 Gesalt Psychology
A school of thought that emphasizes how the brain perceives the “whole” of a stimulus as more important than its individual parts.
2.1 Closure
A Gestalt principle where the brain automatically fills in missing information to perceive an incomplete figure as complete.
2.1 Figure-Ground
The ability of our brain to distinguish an object or FIGURE from its backGROUND.
2.1 Proximity
Objects that are close together are more likely to be perceived as. belonging in the same group.
2.1 Similarity
A Gestalt principle where individuals tend to perceive objects that share similar characteristics (like color, shape, or size) as being grouped together.
2.1 Selective Attention
Our ability to focus on one particular task or stimulus among many competing stimuli.
2.1 Change Blindness
A phenomenon in which a person fails to recognize CHANGES to their environment or visual stimuli, despite their being very obvious.
2.1 Cocktail Party Effect
The ability to focus one’s auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli.
2.1 Inattention / Inattentional Blindness
The failure of a person to realize something in their visual eye or line of sight because they were so intently focused on something else.
2.1 BInocular Depth Cues
The images taken in by both eyes to give depth perception, or stereopsis.
2.1 Retinal Disparity
The slight difference in the images received by each eye when viewing an object, which the brain then uses to perceive depth and distance.
2.1 Convergence
A binocular cue for depth perception, where the eyes rotate INWARDS to focus on a nearby object, signaling to the brain that the object is close by.
2.1 MONOcular Depth Cues
Depth cues that can be perceived by one eye alone.
2.1 Relative Clarity
Objects that appear sharp, clear, and detailed are seen as closer than more hazy objects.
2.1 Relative Size
The depth cue in which we perceive distance based on the comparison of sizes between objects.
2.1 Texture Gradient
The gradual change in the visual texture of an object or surface as it recedes in depth from the observer.
2.1 Linear Perspective
A visual cue that occurs when two parallel lines appear to meet in the distance.
2.1 Interposition
A monocular cue in psychology that helps people perceive depth and distance by judging how one object overlaps another.
2.1 Perceptual Constancy
The ability to perceive objects as having a standard shape, size, color, or location, even when the viewing conditions change. (EX. When you see a moving train, you know that it’s not getting bigger, it’s just moving closer.)
