Vocabulary #7 | 3 Flashcards
(63 cards)
Ecological Systems Theory
A scientific theory that explains how human development is influenced by the social environments we experience throughout our lives. (Microsystem, mesosystem, etc.)
Microsystem (EST)
The immediate environment in which an individual directly interacts with, like family and school. First inner circle.
Mesosystem (EST)
Mesosystems are where a child’s microsystems connect and influence one another - for example, a child’s parents connecting with their teachers at school. Second inner circle.
Exosystem (EST)
An exosystem is made up of social contexts that a person is not directly involved with, such as their government, legal systems, and the media. Third circle.
Macrosystem (EST)
The overarching cultural aspects affecting the child. Fourth circle.
Chronosystem (EST)
Outside change like historical events, puberty, and more. Fifth circle. (C for CHANGE)
Authoritarian (Parenting Style)
A parenting style that uses strict rules, high expectations, and punishment to control a child’s behavior.
Authoritative (Parenting Style)
A parenting style that combines warmth and structure. Authoritative parents are supportive and nurturing, but also set clear expectations and limits for their children.
Permissive (Parenting Style)
Places a big emphasis on affection and warmth, with few expectations for maturity, self-control and discipline. Loving without structure.
Secure Attachment
A way of relating to others that’s characterized by trust, openness, and emotional intimacy. (SECURE like SAFE)
Insecure Attachment
A lack of trust and a lack of a secure base exampled by a fear of abandonment. (Avoidant, anxious, and disorganized attachment styles fall under this>)
Avoidant (Insecure Attachment)
A person tends to avoid emotional intimacy, prioritize independence, and struggle to trust others, leading them to distance themselves from partners or potential partners.
Anxious (Insecure Attachment)
A person experiences a strong fear of abandonment and rejection, often leading to clingy, overly dependent behavior, and a constant need for reassurance and validation from their partner.
Disorganized (Insecure Attachment)
Combines fearful and avoidant behaviors, leading to unpredictable behavior. The person seeks and wants love, however, pushes it away when it is received.
Temperament
A person’s characteristic way of reacting to the world, including their mood, emotions, and behaviors. It’s often considered an early indicator of personality.
Parallel Play
Children engage in similar activities alongside other children without directly interacting with them.
Pretend Play
Children create scenarios and play them out with others or by themselves.
Adolescent Egocentrism
Cognitive bias where teenagers tend to believe their thoughts, feelings, and experiences are completely unique, essentially seeing themselves as the center of attention and often imagining an “imaginary audience” constantly observing them.
Emerging Adulthood
A period of development spanning from about ages 18 to 29.
Ainsworth’s Attachment Theory
The idea that people are born with a need to form close emotional bonds with caregivers. It also explains how these bonds develop and how they influence later relationships.
8 Psychosocial Stages
Outlines eight distinct stages of human development, each characterized by a unique “psychosocial crisis” that individuals must navigate, spanning from infancy to death.
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood, such as abuse. (Adverse as these experiences do not occur to most children and seriously impact later development.)
Achievement (Identity Process)
The stage of identity development when a person has explored different options and committed to an identity. It’s the final stage of identity development.
Diffusion (Identity Process)
Stage of identity development when someone has not committed to an identity or explored different options. (REMEMBER DIFFUSION RHYMES WITH CONFUSION!!)
