Vocabulary #8 | 4

Question 1

Dispositional Attribution

Answer 1

The tendency to assign responsibility for others’ behaviors due to their inherent characteristics, such as their personality, beliefs, or ability, instead of attributing it to external factors.

Jessie believes that Rob is acting rude because he’s a mean guy.

Question 2

Situational Attribution

Answer 2

Explaining someone’s behavior as being caused by external factors within their environment, rather than internal personality traits.

Blaming the situation for their actions rather than their disposition.

Question 3

Optimistic Explanatory Style

Answer 3

A cognitive pattern where individuals tend to interpret negative events as temporary, specific, and external.

“I just didn’t study enough for this particular test.”

Question 4

Pessemistic Explanatory Style

Answer 4

A psychological tendency to view negative events as personal, permanent, and pervasive.

“I always fail tests.”

Question 5

Actor Observer Bias

Answer 5

The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes.

Blaming your behavior on external factors and other’s on their traits.

Question 6

Fundamental Attribution Error

(FAE)

Answer 6

The tendency to judge others based on their personality traits (internal factors) and underestimate situational factors (external factors).

Question 7

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 7

A cognitive bias that describes the tendency for individuals to attribute positive outcomes to their own abilities and efforts, while attributing negative outcomes to external factors.

Taking credit for triumphs, but blaming others for our shortcomings.

Question 8

External Locus of Control

Answer 8

The belief that external factors, like fate or luck, control a person’s life outcomes. Tend to blame outside forces for their circumstances and believe that their actions can’t change their outcomes.

Learned helplessness is often linked to an external locus of control.

Question 9

Internal Locus of Control

Answer 9

The belief that you have personal control over your life and actions.

Question 10

Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 10

Our tendency to develop preferences for things simply because we are familiar with them.

“Familiarity Princible.”

Question 11

Self-Fuffiling Prophecy

Answer 11

A person’s beliefs or expectations about an event or situation influence their actions, ultimately causing the prediction to come true.

Taylor Thompilson!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 12

Social Comparrison

Answer 12

The process of evaluating one’s own abilities, opinions, and beliefs by comparing them to those of others.

Question 13

Relative Deprivation

Answer 13

The belief that a person will feel deprived or entitled to something based on the comparison to someone else.

Question 15

Sterotype

Answer 15

A fixed, overgeneralized, and often biased belief about a group of people.

Question 16

Implicit Attitudes

Answer 16

Evaluations or feelings about a person, object, or concept that occur automatically and unconsciously, often without our awareness.

Subconsciously associating wrinkles and aging as negative, w/out agreein

Question 17

Just-World Phenomenon

Answer 17

The tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve. Because people want to believe that the world is fair, they will look for ways to explain or rationalize away injustice.

My Grandma w/ George Floyd’s death.

Question 18

Out-Group Homogeneity Bias

Answer 18

The tendency to think that people who are not part of your in-group are more similar to each other than they actually are.

Overgeneralizing a group of people.

Question 19

In-Group Bias

Answer 19

Tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with, this includes doing the opposite to those who are outisde of our group.

Question 20

Ethocentrism

Answer 20

Phenomenon where individuals view their own culture as superior to others. It involves judging other cultures based on the norms, values, and beliefs of one’s own group, often leading to prejudice and discrimination.

Question 21

Belief Perseverance

Answer 21

When someone holds onto their beliefs even when presented with evidence that contradicts them.

LITERALLY MY GRANDMA PT. 2???

Question 22

Conformation Bias

Answer 22

Cognitive bias where individuals tend to interpret and seek information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs or hypotheses, while ignoring or discounting evidence that contradicts them.

Question 23

Cognitve Dissonance

Answer 23

The mental discomfort or psychological stress experienced when holding conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes, or when a person’s actions contradict their beliefs.

Question 24

Social Norms

Answer 24

The unwritten rules or expectations that define what is considered acceptable behavior within a group or community.

Question 25

Normative Social Influence

Answer 25

The tendency for individuals to conform to the behaviors and expectations of a group in order to be liked and accepted. | (Changing their behavior to fit in with the social norms of that group.)

Question 26

Informational Social Influence

Answer 26

The phenomenon where individuals change their opinions or behaviors to conform to others because they believe those others possess more accurate information, particularly in uncertain situations. | (This is NOT to fit in, but to gain info from a more "knowledgable group

Question 27

[Elaboration Likelihood Model](https://www.simplypsychology.org/wp-content/uploads/Elaboration_Likelihood_Model.jpg)

Answer 27

Theory explaining how people process information and change their attitudes based on two main routes: the central route (evaluation of arguement) and the peripheral route (blind trust based on cues), with the level of "elaboration" (how much the info is thought over) determining which route is used.

Question 28

Centeral Route to Persuasion

Answer 28

A method of convincing others to take an action or make a decision based on facts and evidence of the merits of the outcome. | Car company will emphasize the car's safety features and fuel economy.

Question 29

Peripheral Route Persuasion

Answer 29

A way of influencing someone's attitude by appealing to their emotions and associations, rather than the merits of an argument. | Ppopular actor endorses a car brand.

Question 30

Halo Effect

Answer 30

A cognitive bias where an initial positive or negative impression of a person or thing influences how we perceive their other traits and qualities. | First impression means everything.

Question 31

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

Answer 31

A persuasion tactic that involves asking someone to agree to a small request before asking for a larger request. The goal is to increase the likelihood of getting a "yes" to the larger request. | Foot only because it cracks the door, because its SMALL then LARGE. ## Footnote < Given by MAGIC HANDS >0

Question 32

Door-in-the-Face Effect

Answer 32

A persuasion tactic that involves asking someone to agree to a small request before asking for a larger request. The goal is to increase the likelihood of getting a "yes" to the larger request. | Door in the face bc it is LARGE, then door cracks for a SMALL request.

Question 33

Conformity

Answer 33

When someone changes their opinions, actions, or judgments to match those of a group or social situation.

Question 34

Obidience

Answer 34

A form of social influence elicited in response to direct orders from an authority figure.

Question 35

Individuality

Answer 35

The idea that people are unique and have the right to pursue their own goals and desires.

Question 36

Collectivism

Answer 36

A worldview where people tend to see themselves as part of a larger group rather than focus on their individuality.

Question 36

Multiculturism

Answer 36

The idea that different cultures can coexist in a society, and that this diversity is something to be celebrated.

Question 37

Group Polarization

Answer 37

A social psychological phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to adopt more extreme positions than they held before the discussion.

Question 38

Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 38

A phenomenon that describes when people feel less responsible for their actions when others are present.

Question 39

Social Loafing

Answer 39

When people work less hard when they are in a group than when they work alone.

Question 40

Deindividuation

Answer 40

The perceived loss of individuality and personal responsibility that can occur when someone participates as part of a group.

Question 41

Social Facilitation

Answer 41

The tendency for people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when in the presence of others, while more complex or poorly learned tasks are performed worse. | Preformance is FACILITATED!

Question 42

False Consensus Effect

Answer 42

A cognitive bias that causes people to overestimate how many others share their beliefs.

Question 43

Social Trap

Answer 43

A situation where individuals or groups pursue immediate, short-term gains that ultimately lead to negative, long-term consequences for the group as a whole, often due to a conflict of interest or perverse incentives.

Question 44

Social Trap

Answer 44

A situation where individuals or groups pursue immediate, short-term gains that ultimately lead to negative, long-term consequences for the group as a whole, often due to a conflict of interest or perverse incentives.

Question 45

Subordinate Goals

Answer 45

Specific, concrete goals that help motivate people to achieve larger, more abstract goals.

Question 46

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Answer 46

A field that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace, focusing on understanding and improving human behavior in organizational settings to enhance productivity and employee well-being.

Question 47

Altruism

Answer 47

The act of helping others without expecting anything in return.

Question 48

Social Responsibility Norm

Answer 48

The expectation that people should help others and contribute to society's well-being. | Socially Responsibe

Question 49

Social Reciprocity Norm

Answer 49

The unwritten social rule that people should respond to a positive action done towards them with a similar positive action in return. | Social Reciprocation

Question 50

Bystander Effect

Answer 50

Phenomenon that describes when people are less likely to help someone in need if others are present.