week 1

Question 2

What is the weight range of the heart?

Answer 2

250-300 grams

Question 3

Where does the base of the heart correspond in terms of the intercostal space?

Answer 3

2nd intercostal space

Question 4

Which chambers of the heart are involved at the base?

Answer 4

• Left atrium
• Right atrium
• Great vessels (proximally only)

Question 5

What corresponds to the apex of the heart?

Answer 5

5th intercostal space

Question 6

What is the point of maximal impulse in the heart?

Answer 6

Location at which cardiac impulse can be best palpated

Question 7

What are the three layers of the pericardium?

Answer 7

• Fibrous Pericardium
• Parietal pericardium
• Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

Question 8

What is the function of the pericardial fluid?

Answer 8

Reduce friction

Question 9

What is the middle layer of the heart called?

Answer 9

Myocardium

Question 10

What types of cells are found in the myocardium?

Answer 10

• Mechanical cells
• Conductive cells

Question 11

What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac cells?

Answer 11

Mechanical coupling and electrical communication
(specialized junction between cardiac cells that perform both of these things)

Question 12

What is the inner layer of the heart called?

Answer 12

Endocardium

Question 13

What does the right atrium receive blood from?

Answer 13

• Superior vena cava (SVC)
• Inferior vena cava (IVC)
• Coronary sinus

Question 14

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 14

Divides the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 15

What is the pressure range in the right atrium?

Answer 15

0-8 mmHg

Question 16

What is the systolic pressure range in the left ventricle?

Answer 16

80-120 mmHg

Question 17

What are the four main heart valves?

Answer 17

• Mitral (left)
• Tricuspid (right)
• Aortic (left)
• Pulmonic (right)

Question 18

When do the atrioventricular valves open?

Answer 18

When atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure

Question 19

What occurs during the S1 phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 19

Ventricular contraction/emptying and closure of atrioventricular valves

Question 20

What occurs during the S2 phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 20

Ventricular relaxation/filling and closure of semilunar valves

Question 21

What are the three major transitions of the aorta?

Answer 21

• Ascending
• Descending
• Abdominal

Question 22

What does the pulmonary trunk bifurcate into?

Answer 22

• Right pulmonic artery
• Left pulmonic artery

Question 23

What is the primary function of the right coronary artery?

Answer 23

Supplies blood to the right ventricle and conduction tissue

Question 24

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 24

• Circumflex artery
• Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD)

Question 25

Which coronary artery is known as the 'widow maker'?

Answer 25

Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD)

Question 26

What is the destination of the great cardiac vein?

Answer 26

Coronary sinus

Question 27

What is the function of the coronary veins?

Answer 27

Carry deoxygenated blood from the myocardium