Week 1-Mircobiology

Question 1

Aerobes

Answer 1

Organisms that favor an oxygen rich environment

Question 2

Aerosol droplets

Answer 2

Droplets of moisture small enough to remain suspended in air

Question 3

Anaerobes

Answer 3

Organisms that favor a oxygen poor enviornment

Question 4

Bioburden

Answer 4

Number of bacteria on a surface

Question 5

Contaminated

Answer 5

Surface, substance, or tissue that is not free of microbes

Question 6

Cross-contamination

Answer 6

Spread of infection from one person/object to another person/object

Question 7

Culture

Answer 7

Process of growing a microbe in a laboratory setting

Question 8

Diffusion

Answer 8

Uniform dispersal of particles in a solution or across a membrane

Question 9

Direct transmission

Answer 9

Transfer of microbes by direct physical contact with microbes

Question 10

Droplet nuclei

Answer 10

Dried remnants of previously moist secretions containing microbes

Question 11

Endospore

Answer 11

Dormant stage of some bacteria that allows them to survive in extreme environmental conditions; spores

Question 12

Entry site

Answer 12

Sites where microbes enter the body

Question 13

Fomite

Answer 13

Intermediate inanimate source in the process of disease transmission

Question 14

Infection

Answer 14

State/condition in which pathogenic microbes invade and colonize in the body/body tissues

Question 15

Inflammation

Answer 15

Body’s reaction to injury/infection, results in redness, heat, swelling, and pain

Question 16

Necrosis

Answer 16

Tissue death

Question 17

Nosocomial infection

Answer 17

Hospital-acquired infection or healthcare-acquired infection; infection acquired as a result of being in a health care facility

Question 18

Opportunistic infection

Answer 18

Infection in a weakened individual or as the result of specific drugs

Question 19

Pathogen

Answer 19

Disease-causing microbe

Question 20

Prion

Answer 20

Infectious protein substance that is resistant to common sterilization methods

Question 21

Resident microorganisms

Answer 21

Microbes that normally colonize certain tissues of the body

Question 22

Sterile

Answer 22

Completely free of all microbes

Question 23

Suppurative

Answer 23

Having developed pus and fluid

Question 24

Vector

Answer 24

Living intermediate carrier of microbes from one host to another

Question 25

Viron

Answer 25

Complete virus particle

Question 26

Virulence

Answer 26

Degree to which a microbe is capable of causing disease

Question 27

Prokaryote

Answer 27

Single-celled microbe, no distinct nucleus

Question 28

Cell wall

Answer 28

Structural layer surrounding some types of cells, outside cell membrane

Question 29

Chromosome

Answer 29

DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism

Question 30

Cell membrane

Answer 30

Biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells to the outside environment

Question 31

Plasmid

Answer 31

Genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of chromosomes; in the cytoplasm

Question 32

Cytoplasm

Answer 32

Material within a living cell, excluding the nucleus

Question 33

Ribosomes

Answer 33

Minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins; found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells

Question 34

Eukaryote

Answer 34

Any organism whose cells contains a nucleus and other organelles enclosed in memebranes

Question 35

Mitochondria

Answer 35

Organelle found in large numbers in cells; where biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur

Question 36

Nuclear membrane

Answer 36

Phospholipid bilayer membrane; surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells

Question 37

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 37

Network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring with a smooth surface involved in the transport of materials

Question 38

Golgi apparatus

Answer 38

Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells; packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before vesicles are sent to their destination

Question 39

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 39

Network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell studded with ribosomes involved in the transport of materials

Question 40

Lysosome

Answer 40

Organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane

Question 41

Organelles

Answer 41

Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell

Question 42

Passive transport

Answer 42

Movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input

Question 43

Active transport

Answer 43

Movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy

Question 44

Phagocytosis

Answer 44

Ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans

Question 45

Gram staining

Answer 45

Staining technique for preliminary identification of bacteria; gram pos - bacteria appear violet, gram neg- red

Question 46

Acid-fast staining

Answer 46

Differential stain used to identify acid-fast organisms

Question 47

Cilia

Answer 47

Short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure

Question 48

Aseptic technique

Answer 48

Method designed to prevent contamination from microbes

Question 49

Symbiosis

Answer 49

Interaction between 2 different organisms living in close physical association, usually to the advantage of both

Question 50

Staphylococcus Aureus

Answer 50

Most widespread cause of SSI; resides on healthy skin; can cause endocarditis and osteomyelitis