Week 8-Digestive system

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Question 2

Amino acids

Answer 2

Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digest

Question 3

Amylase

Answer 3

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

Question 4

Anal fistula

Answer 4

Abnormal tune-like passageway near the anus

Question 5

Anus

Answer 5

Terminal end of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

Question 6

Appendix

Answer 6

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (RLQ)

Question 7

Bile

Answer 7

Digestive juice made in liver and stored in gallbladder; composed of bile salts, cholesterol, and bile pigments

Question 8

Bilibrubin

Answer 8

Pigment released by the liver in bile

Question 9

Bowel

Answer 9

Instestine

Question 10

Cecum

Answer 10

First part of the large intestine

Question 11

Colon

Answer 11

Portion of the large intestine; ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

Question 12

Defecation

Answer 12

Elimination of feces from digestive tract through the anus

Question 13

Deglutition

Answer 13

Swallowing

Question 14

Common bile duct

Answer 14

Carries bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum; choledohus

Question 15

Digestion

Answer 15

Breakdown of complex foods into simpler forms

Question 16

Duodenum

Answer 16

First part of small intestine; 12 inches long

Question 17

Diverticulosis

Answer 17

Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

Question 18

Elimination

Answer 18

Act of removal of materials from the body

Question 19

Emulsification

Answer 19

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

Question 20

Enzyme

Answer 20

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

Question 21

Esophagus

Answer 21

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

Question 22

Fatty acids

Answer 22

Substances produced when fats are digested; category of lipids

Question 23

Feces

Answer 23

Solid wastes

Question 24

Gallbladder

Answer 24

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

Question 25

Glucose

Answer 25

Simple sugar

Question 26

Glycogen

Answer 26

Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

Question 27

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 27

Substance produce by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food

Question 28

Ileum

Answer 28

Third part of the small intestine

Question 29

Insulin

Answer 29

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by liver

Question 30

Jejunum

Answer 30

Second part of small intestine

Question 31

Lipase

Answer 31

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

Question 32

Liver

Answer 32

Large organ in RUQ; secretes bile, stores sugar, iron, vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn out RBCs, filters toxins, usually weighs 2.5 - 3 lbs

Question 33

Lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 33

LES; cardiac sphincter; ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach

Question 34

Mastication

Answer 34

Chewing

Question 35

Palate

Answer 35

Roof of mouth; hard palate = anterior to soft palate and supported by maxilla; soft palate=posterior fleshy part between mouth and throat

Question 36

Pancreas

Answer 36

Under stomach; produces insulin and enzymes (for digesting food)

Question 37

Papillae

Answer 37

Small elevation of tounge

Question 38

Parotid gland

Answer 38

Salivary gland within the cheek, anterior to ear

Question 39

Peristalsis

Answer 39

Rhythmic contractions of tubular organs; stomach 0.5 - 2 hrs, small intestine 2-6hrs, colon 6 - 12 hrs

Question 40

Pharynx

Answer 40

Throat; common passageway for food from mouth and air from nose

Question 41

Portal vein

Answer 41

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from intestines

Question 42

Protease

Answer 42

Enzyme that digest protein

Question 43

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 43

Ring of muscle at end of stomach, near duodenum; normal closed, opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it

Question 44

Pylorus

Answer 44

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

Question 45

Rectum

Answer 45

Last section of large intestine, connecting end of colon and anus

Question 46

Rugae

Answer 46

Ridges on hard palate and wall of stomach

Question 47

Saliva

Answer 47

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands; contains amylase

Question 48

Salivary glands

Answer 48

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular glands

Question 49

Sigmoid colon

Answer 49

Fourth and last, S-shaped, segment of colon; just before rectum; empties into rectum

Question 50

Sphincter

Answer 50

Circular ring of muscle that contracts a passage or closes a natural opening