Week 9-Urinary system

Question 1

Arteriole

Answer 1

Small artery

Question 2

Calciferol

Answer 2

Active form of Vitamin D; secreted by the kidney

Question 3

Calyx

Answer 3

Calix; Calices; cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

Question 4

Catheter

Answer 4

Tube for injecting or removing fluids

Question 5

Creatinine

Answer 5

Nitrogeneous waste excreted in urine

Question 6

Cortical

Answer 6

Pertaining to the cortex

Question 7

Cystitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

Question 8

Cystoscopy

Answer 8

Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope/cystoscope

Question 9

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 9

DI; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

Question 10

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 10

DM; Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

Question 11

Electrolyte

Answer 11

Chemical element that carries an electrical change when dissolved in water; necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves; kidneys maintain proper balance of electrolytes and water in blood

Question 12

Erythropoietin

Answer 12

EPO; hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of RBCs by bone marrow

Question 13

Glomerular capsule

Answer 13

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus; Bowman’s capsule; collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus

Question 14

Glomerulus

Answer 14

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

Question 15

Hematuria

Answer 15

Blood in urine

Question 16

Hemodialysis

Answer 16

HD; uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from patient’s bloodstream, filters it through an artificial porous membrane (dialyzer), and returns the dialyzed blood to the patient’s body

Question 17

Hilum

Answer 17

Depression in an organ here blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

Question 18

Interstitial nephritis

Answer 18

Inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

Question 19

Ketosis

Answer 19

Metabolic state characterized by raised levels of ketone bodies in the body tissues (diet low in carbs, diabetes)

Question 20

Lithotripsy

Answer 20

Urinary tract stones are crushed

Question 21

Meatal stenosis

Answer 21

Narrowing of the opening of the urethra at the external meatus

Question 22

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 22

Kidney stones

Question 23

Nephron

Answer 23

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorbtion, and secretion take place in the kidney; 1 million nephrons in a kidney

Question 24

Nitrogenous waste

Answer 24

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

Question 25

Nocturia

Answer 25

Frequent excessive urination at night

Question 26

Peritoneal dialysis

Answer 26

PD; uses a catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Wast materials in the capillaries of the peritoneum pass out of the bloodstream and into the fluid. Fluid with wastes is then removed by catheter.

Question 27

Reabsorption

Answer 27

Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Question 28

Renal artery

Answer 28

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Question 29

Renal pelvis

Answer 29

Central collecting region in the kidney

Question 30

Renal tubule

Answer 30

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

Question 31

Renin

Answer 31

Hormone secreted by the kidney, raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction

Question 32

Stricture

Answer 32

Abnormal narrowing of an opening or passageway

Question 33

Trigone

Answer 33

Triangular area in the urinary bladder

Question 34

Urethra

Answer 34

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 35

Urinalysis

Answer 35

Examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements that may indicate various pathologic conditions

Question 36

Voiding

Answer 36

Urination, expelling urine through the urethra

Question 37

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 37

Nephrosis; group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

Question 38

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer 38

PKD; multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

Question 39

Pyelolithotomy

Answer 39

Removal of a stone from within the renal pelvis or from the ureter

Question 40

Renal calculi

Answer 40

Kidney stone

Question 41

Renal failure

Answer 41

Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

Question 42

Renal hypertension

Answer 42

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Question 43

Renal ischemia

Answer 43

Asnephric ischaemia; deficiency of blood in one or both kidneys or nephrons; usually due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel

Question 44

Retrograde pylogram

Answer 44

RP; xray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

Question 45

Secondary hypertention

Answer 45

Increase in blood pressure caused by another medical condition

Question 46

Anuria

Answer 46

Failure of the kidneys to produce urine

Question 47

Trigonitis

Answer 47

Inflammation of the trigone

Question 48

Ureteroileostomy

Answer 48

Surgical implantation of a ureter into an isolated segment of the ileum which drains through an abdominal stoma

Question 49

Urethral stricture

Answer 49

Abnormal narrowing of the urethra

Question 50

Wilms tumor

Answer 50

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood