Week 1 - Trunk-to-Limb muscles

Question 1

How is the scapula attached to the trunk?

Answer 1

Solely by muscles

Question 2

How does the clavicle develop?

Answer 2

It ossifies in membrane, but is still a long bone

Question 3

Which joint would muscles that run from the trunk to the girdle move?

Answer 3

Only the girdle - the sternoclavicular joint

Question 4

Which joint would muscles that run from the trunk to the humerus move?

Answer 4

The glenohumeral joint

Question 5

What is the socket on the scapula called?

Answer 5

The glanoid fossa

Question 6

Describe the anterior compartment of the arm muscles

Answer 6

These are flexors of the elbow
Includes biceps - two heads, originate from scapula
Includes brachialis, which has a bigger and deeper humeral attachment

Question 7

Describe the posterior compartment of the arm muscles

Answer 7

Extensors of the elbow

Made up of triceps. These have three heads, one scapular and two humeral in origin

Question 8

What is the large landmark on the posterior side of the scapula?

Answer 8

The spine of the scapula. Broadens on the outer side to form the acromedium, the tip of the shoulder

Question 9

Where does the supraspinatus/infraspinatus/Teres minor attach to the scapula?

Answer 9

Supra - above the spine
Infra- below the spine
Teres minor - below the infra, attaches to the greater tuberosity of the humerus

Question 10

What is the key muscle on the lateral side of the scapula?

Answer 10

The deltoid.
Attached to the acromion (bony process on the scapula), and the clavicle.
Front, side and back of the girdle
Central part is the thickest and multipennate

Question 11

What does multipennate describe?

Answer 11

A muscle with several central tendons towards which the muscles fibres converge like barbs on a feather

Question 12

Where is the insertion point of the deltoid?

Answer 12

In the middle of the shaft of the humerus

Question 13

Which three muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 13

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres minor

Question 14

Which is the large muscle on the anterior side of the scapula?

Answer 14

Subscapularis
Origin - entire subscapular fossa
Insertion - humeral lesser tuberosity

Question 15

Give the origin, insertion and parts of the Pectoralis major

Answer 15

Origin - clavicle, sternum, neighbouring ribs
Insertion - front, upper part of humerus
Two functional parts: clavicular and sternocostal

Question 16

Where is pectoralis minor in relation to PM?

Answer 16

Deep to the major

Question 17

What are the boundaries of the axilla?

Answer 17

Thoracic wall, pectoralis major latissimus dorsi + T major, and part of the humerus

Question 18

What is contained in the axilla?

Answer 18

Blood vessels, part of the brachial plexus, lymph nodes nad fat

Question 19

What is the cervico-axillary canal?

Answer 19

A narrow space, which creates a passage from the neck and thorax, to get to the axilla. It’s found between the first rib and the clavicle/scapula

Question 20

Describe the brachial plexus

Answer 20

Formed by the C5-T1 rami (5)
Three trunks: 2-1-2
Each trunk is made up of two divisions. Anterior divisions = medial and lateral cords, innervate flexors
Posterior cord innervates extensor compartment muscles

Question 21

Where are the roots and the trunks of the brachial plexus found? Where are the divisions, cords and branches?

Answer 21

Roots/trunk: In the neck, aside from T1
Divisions: on level with the clavicle
Cords/branches: axilla

Question 22

What are the two superficial, large muscles of the back?

Answer 22

The Trapezius and the Latissimus dorsi

Question 23

Describe the Traps

Answer 23

Two, both quadrangular.
Trunk to scapular muscle, moves only the girdle
Attached to skull and vertebrae

Question 24

Describe the Lats

Answer 24

Attached to lower vertebrae
Trunk to humerus muscle, so moves only the humerus
Attaches anterior to the humerus

Question 25

What are the two relevant, deeper back muscles?

Answer 25

Levator scapulae and the rhomboids

Question 26

What does the Levator scapulae do?

Answer 26

Pulls the scapula up.

Attached to cervical vertebrae and scapula

Question 27

Describe the serratus anterior

Answer 27

Attached to 7-8 ribs from bundles, which ran out into a continuous sheet of muscle as you approach the scapula