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Sem 2 Anatomy > Week 2 - Elbow, arm and forearm > Flashcards

Week 2 - Elbow, arm and forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm, and where to they attach in the forearm?

A

Biceps - attaches to radial tuberosity

Brachialis - attaches to the tuberosity of the ulna

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2
Q

Describe the brachioradialis and why its layout is unusual

A

Comes from the humerus close to the elbow joint. Then goes all the way along the radius to attach to the distal end. This is unusual as the other muscles have an origin far away and attachment close

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3
Q

What is the major muscle on the posterior side of the arm, and where does it attach at the elbow?

A

Triceps

Attaches to a point on the elbow called the olecranon of the ulna

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4
Q

What is required from the shoulder for distal movements?

A

Shoulder stability

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5
Q

How do the triceps and biceps help with shoulder stability?

A

Triceps holds scapula and humerus together, while the biceps originates from the scapula. These attachments hold the shoulder steady

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6
Q

When does the biceps act as a supinator?

A

When the forearm is in a prone position - its able to drop the hand into the supine position

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7
Q

What actions to anterior muscles of the forearm perform?

A

Flexing of the wrist and joints of the hand, as well as protonation

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8
Q

What actions do posterior muscles of the forearm perform?

A

Extension of the wrist and joints of the hand, and one supinatory action

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9
Q

What are the common origins for superficial flexors and extensors of the forearm?

A

Flexors - medial epicondyle

Extensors - lateral epicondyle

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10
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the forearm?

A 
Palmaris longus
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
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11
Q

What does palmaris longus do?

A

This tiny muscle has four tendons that are sent through the hand and flex the fingers

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12
Q

What does the pronator teres do?

A

Moves the radius relative to the ulna. PT is a round muscle attached to the radius

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13
Q

What are the two wrist/hand flexor muscles in the forearm?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris (along ulnar side)

Flexor capri radialis

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14
Q

Where would you find the flexor digitorum superficialis and what does it do?

A

Flexes fingers, found between the two flexor carpi muscles, in a slightly more posterior plane

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15
Q

What are the deep anterior muscles of the forearm?

A 
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus (the deep pronator of the forearm)
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16
Q

What are the deep anterior muscles of the forearm attached to?

A

radius, ulna and interossesous membrane

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17
Q

What does the flexor pollicis longus do and where would you find it?

A

It’s a flexor of the thumb
Short flexor in the hand
It’s a lateral muscle and runs from the radius and the interossesous membrane

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18
Q

What is the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

The large anterior mass of the forearm
Deep flexor of the fingers
medial muscle running from the ulna and the IO membrane. Almost reaches posterior side of ulna

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19
Q

What are the two extensor muscles of the forearm in the posterior compartment?

A

Extensor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

20
Q

How is the extensor on the radial side of the forearm different to that of the ulnar side?

A

It’s a combination of two muscles, with two tendons - extensor carpi radialis longus and radialis brevis

21
Q

What is the common extensor of the fingers and where is it?

A

Extensor digitorum communis - does all the fingers, found in the posterior compartment of the forearm

22
Q

What do the muscles extensor indicis and extensor digiti minimi do?

A

These are extra extensors of the little finger and the index finger

23
Q

What are the two extensors of the thumb?

A

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

24
Q

What is the abductor of the thumb?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

25
Q

What does the brachioradialis do? Describe the muscle

A

Flexes the elbow
Weird because it’s developmentally posterior
Has a very long tendon, which attaches to the styloid process of the radius

26
Q

What are the three joints in the elbow joint complex?

A

Humero-ulnar
Humero-radial
Radio-ulnar

27
Q

What is involved in the humero-radial joint?

A

The capitulum of the humerus and the radial head

28
Q

What is involved in the humero-ulnar joint?

A

The trochanter of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna

29
Q

What does the capsular attachment of the humerus include?

A

Three fossae in which there are fat pads, covered by the synovium
Medial and lateral ligaments strengthen the capsule

30
Q

Where would you find the olecranon process?

A

On the anterior side of the ulna

31
Q

Describe the position of the coronoid process of the ulna

A

Coronoid process of the ulna is on the anterior side of the ulna, below the olecranon process

32
Q

Where are the radial fossa and the coronoid fossa?

A

At the anterior base of the humerus. Radial fossa is more lateral than coronoid fossa

33
Q

Where is the interosseous membrane?

A

Connects the radius and the ulna

34
Q

Where is the Olecranon fossa?

A

On the posterior side of the humerus

35
Q

Describe the medial/ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow joint

A

This is a thick, triangular band at the medial aspect of the elbow, uniting the distal aspect of the humerus to the proximal aspect of the ulna.
Two portions - anterior and posterior, that are united by a thinner intermediate portion

36
Q

Where would you find the annular/orbicular ligament in the forearm? What is it’s function?

A

Forming a circle over the head of the radius, retaining contact with the radial notch of the ulna.
The annular ligament holds the radius in place, as the radial notch of the ulna cannot. It forms a ring within which the head of the radius can rotate

37
Q

Describe the proximal radio-ulnar joint

A

Located near the elbow, formed by a articulation between the head of the radius + annular ligament and the radial notch of the ulna

38
Q

Describe the distal radioulnar joint

A

This is located distally to the elbow, at the wrist and is an articulation between the ulnar notch of the radius and a disc made up of white fibrocartilage, inserted between the ulnar and the radius.

39
Q

Which movements are the two radioulnar joints responsible for?

A

Pronation and supination of the forearm

Both of these joints are both pivot joints

40
Q

What does the radius articulate with at the wrist?

A

The carpal bones

41
Q

What happens to the orientation of the radius and the ulna during pronation?

A

They cross each other

42
Q

What is the name of the wrist joint?

A

Radiocarpal - the ulna doesn’t come into contact with the carpal bones because of the white fibrocartilage disc

43
Q

Describe the setup of the carpal bones

A

Two rows
Row proximal to radius: P, Trq, L, Sc
Midcarpal joint
Row distal to radius: H, C, T, T

44
Q

How are the metacarpal bones names?

A

1-5, working from the thumb as #1

45
Q

Where is the carpometacarpal joint?

A

Between the distal carpal bones and the bases of the metacarpal bones

46
Q

Describe the set-up of the carpometacarpal joints

A

2,3,4 and 5 metacarpal bones have a complex carpometacarpal joint, and the thumb/M1 has an independent joint with the most lateral T capral bones

47
Q

Which joints must a tendon act on if it wants to move the wrist joint?

A

ALL THREE - radiocarpal joint, midcarpal joint and carpometacarpal joint
Therefore a tendon coming from the forearm has to attach to the metacarpals

Sem 2 Anatomy (15 decks)

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