WEEK 10: 10.3 Cells and Tissues of The Immune System Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is hematopoiesis
The making of blood cells and plasma cells in the body
What two things does a haematopoetic stem cell differentiate into?
- common lymphoid progenitor
- common myeloid progenitor
What does the common lymphoid progenitor diff into?
T precursor and B precursor and NK cell
What two cells does a T precursor diff into
CD4 T cell
CD8 T cell
What does a B precursor diff into
B cell
How can you differentiate a B cell?
it will have a B cell receptor antibody
How can you differentiate a T cell?
it will have a T cell receptor
How can you differentiate an NK cell?
It does not express a B/T cell receptor
What 3 granulocytes does a myeloid progenitor diff into?
Neutrophil (contains granules that phagocytose)
Eosinophil (provides defense against parasites)
Basophil (inflammatory response)
What else can a common myeloid progenitor differentiate into?
Megakaryocyte -> platelets (for clotting)
Erythroblast -> RBC erythrocyte
Monocyte
What does a monocyte produce?
Macrophage
Dendritic cell (stimulates adaptive immunity)
What is B cell and T cell ontogeny called primary lymphoid organs?
This is where lymphocytes undergo ontogeny and develop into mature B and T cells
Where does B cell ontogeny occur, and how does this differ from where T cell ontogeny occurs?
B cell ont- matures/starts in bone marrow
T cell ont- starts in bone marrow, matures in thymus
What does it mean when B and T cells undergo ‘education’
they develop the B and T cell receptor to recognise antigen during ontogeny, and any receptor that recognises self is eliminated
Where is interstitial fluid drained into?
Interstitial fluid—the fluid found in the spaces between tissue cells—is eventually drained into the lymphatic system, which returns it to the bloodstream to support the immune system
What two things do mature lymphocytes do in secondary lymphoid organs?
- encounter antigen
- differentiate into effector cells
What would ‘naive’ lymphocytes be considered?
CD4 T cell, CD8 T cell and B cell
What are effector lymphocytes
CD4 T cell —> Helper T cell
CD8 T cell —> Cytotoxic T cell
B cell —-> Plasma cell
What are secondary lymphoid organs?
Lymph nodes: organ that filters tissue-borne antigens
Spleen: organ that filters blood-borne antigen
Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT): filters mucosa-borne antigens
What are the functional tissues of the lymph node?
cortex, medulla, medullary cords, paracortex, subcapsular sinus
What are the lymph node vessels?
afferent lymphatic vessel, trabeculum, efferent lymphatic vessel, artery, vein
What is the function of the lymph node?
they filter tissue borne antigens
the lymph enters via afferent lymphatics, percolates/filters through the parenchyma (tissue) and leaves via the efferent lymphatic
What are the major regions of the lymph node? What cells are predominant within each region?
Cortex- pred B cells
Paracortex - pred T cells
Medulla - populated B & T cells
What are the key functions of the spleen?
It monitors the blood by removing non-functional RBCs
-Produces immune responses
-Removes particular matter
- Storage site of platelets and iron and RBCs
- Haematopoeisis in infants
