endocrine review session Flashcards
what are the symptoms associated with gastro
nausea
abdominal pain
change to bowel habits (diahorrea, rectal bleeding, constipation)
heartburn/acid reflux
dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
early satiety
bloating
jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, pruritis (itch)
loss of appetite/weight change
lethargy
fever/night sweats
What exists in the RUQ
liver, gallbladder, duodenum, pylorus, pancreas, right kidney, large bowel
What exists in the LUQ
spleen, stomach, large bowel, left kidney, part of liver, pancreas
What exists in the RLQ
appendix, bowel, right kidney/ureter, right ovary/uterine tube, bladder, uterus
What exists in the LLQ
bowel, left kidney/ureter, left ovary/uterine tube, bladder, uterus
In terms of onset, what is important to note?
if it is sudden or gradual
in terms of the type of pain, what terms are important to look out for?
sharp, dull, colicky, burning
What are different alleviating/aggregating factors to look out for?
bowel motions
laying still or with movement/positional change
eating
medications like paracetamol and antacids
If vomiting is present, what should be noted?
The timeline (previous episodes, when it started, particular time of day?)
How often?
Contents of vomit - bile (green), faeculent, food
Any blood
If diahorrea is present, what should be asked
timeline
quantity
frequency
consistency of stool
other symptoms
food history, recent travel, unwell contacts
dehydration experienced?
if constipation is occurring, what should be asked?
frequency
any recent change
any pain with passing bowel motions (associated fissure)
What are the two types of rectal bleeding?
haematochezia
Melaena
What is haematochezia characterised by?
frank/bright red blood
indicated lower GI bleeding
What is melaena characterised by?
upper GI bleeding
foul smelling, tarry black coloured stools
What are some associated symptoms of jaundice
pruritis, dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, fever, lethargy
What can jaundice be caused by
haemolysis, liver disease, biliary obstruction, due to a build of bilirubin
What should be asked in terms of past medical history?
previous abdominal surgery
What about past medication
medication side effects that have caused nausea/vomiting or diarrhoea
NSAID use?
What in terms of family history can be asked
history of GI conditions like colonic polyps, bowel cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease?
What in terms of social history can be asked?
- smoking, alc, recreational drugs
- diet
- hep B and C risk factors (liver disease) & hep A & B vaccinations
- recent travel/unwell contacts
what does PLOTRADIO stand for
Past history of similar episodes
Location
Onset and offset
Type / character (of the pain)
Radiation
Aggravating and alleviating factors
Duration
Intensity
Other associated symptoms
