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PYB203 > week 10 > Flashcards

week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

events in early adulthood

A

romantic relationships
career development
transition to parenthood

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2
Q

events in middle adulthood

A

romantic relationships
career conolidation
work/life balance

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3
Q

what is timing of events theories

A

refers to the understanding of life events as following a normative pattern of sequences and timing

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4
Q

what does the timing of events theories emphasise

A

the importance of the developmental context and the sociocultural and historical contexts

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5
Q

what are norms subject to

A

constant transition across culture and time eg. changes with what the norms are

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6
Q

types of social clock

A

on time
off time

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7
Q

what is on time

A

following the social timetable

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8
Q

what is the social clock

A

out of phase with peers

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9
Q

what does the timing of events theories seek to do

A

describe and explain patterns of behaviour
explain diversity across groups

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10
Q

what do cultural and generational differences reflect

A

expectations

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11
Q

what are normative crisis theories

A

theoretical models that describe psychosocial development in terms of a definite sequence of optimal age-related changes

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12
Q

based on the normative crisis theories, what happens in unsuccessful completion of a particular stage

A

is believed to hinder optimal development

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13
Q

what theorists are normative crisis theories

A

erikson
grant/vaillant
levinson

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14
Q

what stage is early adulthood in Erikson

A

intimacy vs isolation

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15
Q

what stage is middle adulthood in Erikson

A

generativity vs stagnation

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16
Q

what is generativity vs stagnation

A

the mature adults striving to be needed
the crisis entails the clash between making a worthwhile contribution to future generations vs a profound sense of boredom, self-preoccupation and doubt

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17
Q

what did vaillant expand on

A

eriksons theory: he used eriksons theory as a guiding framework

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18
Q

what was Vaillant: normative crisis theory based on

A

on the results of the harvard “grant study”

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19
Q

what stage did Vaillant add to eriksons theory

A

career consolidation vs self-absorption for early middle adulthood

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20
Q

what is career consolidation vs self-absorption

A

involves “expanding ones personal identity to assume a social identity within the world of work”

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21
Q

what were the key conclusions from the harvard grant study

A

experiences of warmth and love in relationships across lifespan results in happiness

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22
Q

within the harvard grant study, members who did not master identity:

A

never achieved independence from their family/institution
were not able to commit to work or intimate relationships

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23
Q

what does Vaillant believe alcoholism is the enemy to

A

relationships
financial wellbeing
longevity

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24
Q

what is a criticism of the harvard grant study

A

lack of sample heterogeneity
strong selection bias

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25
Q

what was the harvard grant study able to identify

A

adaptive vs maladaptive mechanisms

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26
Q

what did Vaillant identify as adaptive mechanisms

A

sublimation
humour
altruism
suppression

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27
Q

what did Vaillant identify as maladaptive mechanisms

A

projection
passive aggression
dissociation
acting out
fantasy

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28
Q

what does healthy development see

A

movement from maladaptive to more adaptive mechanisms across the transition to adulthood and beyond

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29
Q

what does Levinson biopsychosocial model believe

A

all aspects of development interact during developmental eras

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30
Q

what are Levinsons ears/seaons of the biopsychosocial model

A

early adult transition: 17-22
midlife transition: 40-45
late adult transition: 60-65

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31
Q

age range of preadulthood era

A

0-22

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32
Q

age range for early adulthood era

A

17-45

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33
Q

age range for middle adulthood era

A

40-65

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34
Q

age range for late adulthood era

A

60- dead

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35
Q

characteristics of the era of early adulthood in Levinsons normative crisis theory

A

dream of adult accomplishment (idealism)
forming mentor relationships
developing an occupation
establishing intimate relationships

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36
Q

characteristics of the era of middle adulthood in Levinsons normative crisis theory

A

coming to terms with an unfulfilled dream
dream of adult accomplishment revised (pragmatism)

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37
Q

what are some broad issues with normative crisis theories

A

reflect western cultural ideology
inflexible to considerations of culture
generation or context

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38
Q

who is the theorist for emerging adulthood

A

Arnett

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39
Q

what is the volitional years

A

a period of exploration in love, work, identity and values

40
Q

what are the characteristics of Arnetts theory of emerging adulthood

A

can be marked by feelings of both:
freedom and autonomy
insecurity and self-doubt

41
Q

what is arnetts theory of emerging adulthood characterised by

A

changing worldviews

42
Q

what is arnetts theory of emerging adulthood

A

development of characteristics that help individuals become self-sufficient, but also committed in relationships and work

43
Q

characteristics surrounding partner selection

A

partners tend to be similar
meet within their social networks
motivation is a committed relationship

44
Q

what are desired traits in partner selection

A

warmth
kindness
expressiveness
openness
sense of humour

45
Q

are the desired traits different from marriage partner to causal sex

A

they’re pretty similar

46
Q

why did sternberg develop the theory of love

A

to explain different types of love based upon the strength of the 3 components

47
Q

what are the 3 components of sternbergs theory of love

A

passion
intimacy
decision/commitment

48
Q

what is consummate love

A

when you have all 3 components
passion
intimacy
commitment

49
Q

what is liking based on theory of love triangle

A

intimacy alone

50
Q

what is romantic love based on theory of love

A

intimacy and passion

51
Q

what is infatuation in theory of love

A

passion alone

52
Q

what is fatuous love in theory of love

A

passion and commitment

53
Q

what is empty love in theory of love

A

commitment alone

54
Q

what is companionate love

A

intimacy and commitment

55
Q

what is passion

A

sexual attraction
romantic feelings
excitement

56
Q

what is intimacy

A

feelings of warmth, caring, closeness, trust, and respect in the relationship

57
Q

what is commitment

A

involves first deciding that one loves the other person and then committing to a longterm relationship

58
Q

when are relationships most likely to fare best

A

if partners have similar balances of passion, intimacy, and commitment

59
Q

when did erikson believe true intimacy is possible

A

only when both partners have resolved their own identity crises eg. have a strong sense of self and self in the world

60
Q

what is early adult work

A

transition from work as economic activity to work as career/vocation/identity

61
Q

early adult work is characterised by

A

career exploration, with caveats eg. access, suitability, support structures

62
Q

early adult work early stages of career development

A

include trial commitment and adjustment to job (distinct from education and casual work)

63
Q

who is work central to their lives

A

young men more than young women

64
Q

young adults who are high in work centrality are more likely to:

A

perceive themselves as superior to others
to report a career/life vision
be willing to delay marriage
less likely to try different jobs
equally as likely to report goal instability

65
Q

what is key to job satisfaction

A

ability to use skills and have these recognised
sense of autonomy in the work environment
sense of control in the work environment

66
Q

what is the concept of self as worker critical to identity development

A

vocational/occupational identity

67
Q

whats a challenge to developing a work identity

A

unstable career trajectories and societal priorites and conditions

68
Q

who is more flexible in their aspirations and commitment

A

women over men

69
Q

what is a change int he transition to parenthood

A

increasingly occurring in middle adulthood rather than early adulthood

70
Q

what do egalitarian couples do in parenthood

A

still follow more traditional gender roles and divide their labour along traditional gender roles

71
Q

when does marital satisfaction decline

A

somewhat in the first year after a baby is born

72
Q

who experiences the marital dissatisfaction after a baby is born

A

women more than men

73
Q

what is Eriks generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood)

A

the mature adults striving to be needed
the crisis entails the clash between making a worthwhile contribution to future generations vs a profound sense of boredom, self-preoccupation and doubt

74
Q

what is happening to the average marriage age

A

its increasing

75
Q

types of marriages

A

conventional
egalitarian
junior-senior partnerships

76
Q

at what point is marital satisfaction at the lowest point

A

20 years

77
Q

what is the greatest marital satisfaction

A

before having kids
once the kids have moved out

78
Q

what do happy marriages have

A

good communication
acceptance and respect for differences
commitment
affection
passion for one another

79
Q

what is Australia divorce rate for first marriage

A

33%

80
Q

what is australia divorce rate for second marriage

A

60%

81
Q

changes in divorce

A

age is increasing
length of time married increasing

82
Q

factors influencing divorce

A

legislative changes
personality/happiness
demographic variables
less expectation on commitment
lack of consensus/role allocation

83
Q

how many remarry

A

more than half of divorced adults remary

84
Q

remarriage quality relates to

A

background/contextual factors
couple interactional processes
attributes of the person

85
Q

what are there for those whose timing of events is different to the social norms of their network or community (parenthood)

A

social and emotional consequences

86
Q

examples of changing nature of adult family relationships

A

blended family
gay and lesbian relationships
multigenerational families

87
Q

examples of changing nature of parenting

A

single parenting
gay and lesbian parenting
co parenting

88
Q

what happens to social networks during early adulthood

A

they increase but then become smaller

89
Q

supers theory of career in middle adulthood phases

A
  1. establishment phase
  2. maintenance phase
  3. decline or disengagement phase
90
Q

what is seen in supers maintenance phase of careers

A

gaining experience and movement from idealism to realism

91
Q

what is seen in supers decline or disengagement phase of career

A

disillusionment and desire for greater work life balance

92
Q

havighursts theory of career stages

A
  1. becoming a productive person
  2. maintaining a productive society
  3. contemplating a productive and responsible life
93
Q

what is a midlife crisis

A

reappraisal of ones goals and values in light of ones life so far

94
Q

what are midlife crisis motivated by

A

feelings of stagnation and contemplation of death

95
Q

where are midlife crisis experienced

A

across all facets of life:
work
family
relationships
identity

96
Q

what can midlife crisis lead to

A

changes in career, relationships, lifestyle, values

97
Q

what happens when you fail to resolve midlife crisis

A

may hinder the completion of identity achievement that is necessary for achieving a sense of generativity, and a sense of having lived with integrity

PYB203 (11 decks)

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