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PYB203 > week 10 > Flashcards

week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

events in early adulthood

A

romantic relationships
career development
transition to parenthood

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2
Q

events in middle adulthood

A

romantic relationships
career conolidation
work/life balance

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3
Q

what is timing of events theories

A

refers to the understanding of life events as following a normative pattern of sequences and timing

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4
Q

what does the timing of events theories emphasise

A

the importance of the developmental context and the sociocultural and historical contexts

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5
Q

what are norms subject to

A

constant transition across culture and time eg. changes with what the norms are

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6
Q

types of social clock

A

on time
off time

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7
Q

what is on time

A

following the social timetable

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8
Q

what is the social clock

A

out of phase with peers

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9
Q

what does the timing of events theories seek to do

A

describe and explain patterns of behaviour
explain diversity across groups

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10
Q

what do cultural and generational differences reflect

A

expectations

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11
Q

what are normative crisis theories

A

theoretical models that describe psychosocial development in terms of a definite sequence of optimal age-related changes

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12
Q

based on the normative crisis theories, what happens in unsuccessful completion of a particular stage

A

is believed to hinder optimal development

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13
Q

what theorists are normative crisis theories

A

erikson
grant/vaillant
levinson

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14
Q

what stage is early adulthood in Erikson

A

intimacy vs isolation

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15
Q

what stage is middle adulthood in Erikson

A

generativity vs stagnation

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16
Q

what is generativity vs stagnation

A

the mature adults striving to be needed
the crisis entails the clash between making a worthwhile contribution to future generations vs a profound sense of boredom, self-preoccupation and doubt

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17
Q

what did vaillant expand on

A

eriksons theory: he used eriksons theory as a guiding framework

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18
Q

what was Vaillant: normative crisis theory based on

A

on the results of the harvard “grant study”

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19
Q

what stage did Vaillant add to eriksons theory

A

career consolidation vs self-absorption for early middle adulthood

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20
Q

what is career consolidation vs self-absorption

A

involves “expanding ones personal identity to assume a social identity within the world of work”

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21
Q

what were the key conclusions from the harvard grant study

A

experiences of warmth and love in relationships across lifespan results in happiness

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22
Q

within the harvard grant study, members who did not master identity:

A

never achieved independence from their family/institution
were not able to commit to work or intimate relationships

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23
Q

what does Vaillant believe alcoholism is the enemy to

A

relationships
financial wellbeing
longevity

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24
Q

what is a criticism of the harvard grant study

A

lack of sample heterogeneity
strong selection bias

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25
what was the harvard grant study able to identify
adaptive vs maladaptive mechanisms
26
what did Vaillant identify as adaptive mechanisms
sublimation humour altruism suppression
27
what did Vaillant identify as maladaptive mechanisms
projection passive aggression dissociation acting out fantasy
28
what does healthy development see
movement from maladaptive to more adaptive mechanisms across the transition to adulthood and beyond
29
what does Levinson biopsychosocial model believe
all aspects of development interact during developmental eras
30
what are Levinsons ears/seaons of the biopsychosocial model
early adult transition: 17-22 midlife transition: 40-45 late adult transition: 60-65
31
age range of preadulthood era
0-22
32
age range for early adulthood era
17-45
33
age range for middle adulthood era
40-65
34
age range for late adulthood era
60- dead
35
characteristics of the era of early adulthood in Levinsons normative crisis theory
dream of adult accomplishment (idealism) forming mentor relationships developing an occupation establishing intimate relationships
36
characteristics of the era of middle adulthood in Levinsons normative crisis theory
coming to terms with an unfulfilled dream dream of adult accomplishment revised (pragmatism)
37
what are some broad issues with normative crisis theories
reflect western cultural ideology inflexible to considerations of culture generation or context
38
who is the theorist for emerging adulthood
Arnett
39
what is the volitional years
a period of exploration in love, work, identity and values
40
what are the characteristics of Arnetts theory of emerging adulthood
can be marked by feelings of both: freedom and autonomy insecurity and self-doubt
41
what is arnetts theory of emerging adulthood characterised by
changing worldviews
42
what is arnetts theory of emerging adulthood
development of characteristics that help individuals become self-sufficient, but also committed in relationships and work
43
characteristics surrounding partner selection
partners tend to be similar meet within their social networks motivation is a committed relationship
44
what are desired traits in partner selection
warmth kindness expressiveness openness sense of humour
45
are the desired traits different from marriage partner to causal sex
they're pretty similar
46
why did sternberg develop the theory of love
to explain different types of love based upon the strength of the 3 components
47
what are the 3 components of sternbergs theory of love
passion intimacy decision/commitment
48
what is consummate love
when you have all 3 components passion intimacy commitment
49
what is liking based on theory of love triangle
intimacy alone
50
what is romantic love based on theory of love
intimacy and passion
51
what is infatuation in theory of love
passion alone
52
what is fatuous love in theory of love
passion and commitment
53
what is empty love in theory of love
commitment alone
54
what is companionate love
intimacy and commitment
55
what is passion
sexual attraction romantic feelings excitement
56
what is intimacy
feelings of warmth, caring, closeness, trust, and respect in the relationship
57
what is commitment
involves first deciding that one loves the other person and then committing to a longterm relationship
58
when are relationships most likely to fare best
if partners have similar balances of passion, intimacy, and commitment
59
when did erikson believe true intimacy is possible
only when both partners have resolved their own identity crises eg. have a strong sense of self and self in the world
60
what is early adult work
transition from work as economic activity to work as career/vocation/identity
61
early adult work is characterised by
career exploration, with caveats eg. access, suitability, support structures
62
early adult work early stages of career development
include trial commitment and adjustment to job (distinct from education and casual work)
63
who is work central to their lives
young men more than young women
64
young adults who are high in work centrality are more likely to:
perceive themselves as superior to others to report a career/life vision be willing to delay marriage less likely to try different jobs equally as likely to report goal instability
65
what is key to job satisfaction
ability to use skills and have these recognised sense of autonomy in the work environment sense of control in the work environment
66
what is the concept of self as worker critical to identity development
vocational/occupational identity
67
whats a challenge to developing a work identity
unstable career trajectories and societal priorites and conditions
68
who is more flexible in their aspirations and commitment
women over men
69
what is a change int he transition to parenthood
increasingly occurring in middle adulthood rather than early adulthood
70
what do egalitarian couples do in parenthood
still follow more traditional gender roles and divide their labour along traditional gender roles
71
when does marital satisfaction decline
somewhat in the first year after a baby is born
72
who experiences the marital dissatisfaction after a baby is born
women more than men
73
what is Eriks generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood)
the mature adults striving to be needed the crisis entails the clash between making a worthwhile contribution to future generations vs a profound sense of boredom, self-preoccupation and doubt
74
what is happening to the average marriage age
its increasing
75
types of marriages
conventional egalitarian junior-senior partnerships
76
at what point is marital satisfaction at the lowest point
20 years
77
what is the greatest marital satisfaction
before having kids once the kids have moved out
78
what do happy marriages have
good communication acceptance and respect for differences commitment affection passion for one another
79
what is Australia divorce rate for first marriage
33%
80
what is australia divorce rate for second marriage
60%
81
changes in divorce
age is increasing length of time married increasing
82
factors influencing divorce
legislative changes personality/happiness demographic variables less expectation on commitment lack of consensus/role allocation
83
how many remarry
more than half of divorced adults remary
84
remarriage quality relates to
background/contextual factors couple interactional processes attributes of the person
85
what are there for those whose timing of events is different to the social norms of their network or community (parenthood)
social and emotional consequences
86
examples of changing nature of adult family relationships
blended family gay and lesbian relationships multigenerational families
87
examples of changing nature of parenting
single parenting gay and lesbian parenting co parenting
88
what happens to social networks during early adulthood
they increase but then become smaller
89
supers theory of career in middle adulthood phases
1. establishment phase 2. maintenance phase 3. decline or disengagement phase
90
what is seen in supers maintenance phase of careers
gaining experience and movement from idealism to realism
91
what is seen in supers decline or disengagement phase of career
disillusionment and desire for greater work life balance
92
havighursts theory of career stages
1. becoming a productive person 2. maintaining a productive society 3. contemplating a productive and responsible life
93
what is a midlife crisis
reappraisal of ones goals and values in light of ones life so far
94
what are midlife crisis motivated by
feelings of stagnation and contemplation of death
95
where are midlife crisis experienced
across all facets of life: work family relationships identity
96
what can midlife crisis lead to
changes in career, relationships, lifestyle, values
97
what happens when you fail to resolve midlife crisis
may hinder the completion of identity achievement that is necessary for achieving a sense of generativity, and a sense of having lived with integrity

PYB203 (11 decks)

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