week 6

Question 1

changes in the domains of development for early childhood

Answer 1

physical development: fine motor skills
cognitive development: acquisition of language
psychosocial development: increasing social interactions, importance of play

Question 2

what is psychosocial development

Answer 2

the development of the personality, and the acquisition of social attitudes and skills, from infancy through maturity

Question 3

foundational parenting style theories

Answer 3

diana baumrind
maccoby and martin

Question 4

what are the 2 dimensions of diana baumrind theory

Answer 4

acceptance responsiveness
demandingness-control

Question 5

what is acceptance responsiveness

Answer 5

refers to the extent to which parents are supportive, sensitive to their children’s needs, and willing to provide affection and praise when their children meet their expectations

Question 6

what is demandingness control

Answer 6

refers to how much control over decisions lies with the parent rather than with the child

Question 7

what are the 4 basic patterns of child rearing emerge from crossing the acceptance and demandingness dimensions

Answer 7

authoritarian
authoritative
permissive
uninvolved/neglectful

Question 8

a parent that is high on demandingness control and acceptance responsiveness is called:

Answer 8

authoritative

Question 9

a parent high on demandingness control but low on acceptance responsiveness is called

Answer 9

authoritarian

Question 10

a parent low in demandingness control and acceptance responsiveness is called

Answer 10

uninvolved/neglectful

Question 11

a parent high in acceptance responsiveness and low in demanding control is called

Answer 11

permissive

Question 12

what parenting style did maccoby and martin add to diana baumrind theory

Answer 12

uninvolved/neglectful

Question 13

how do authoritarian parents parent

Answer 13

parents impose many rules, expect strict obedience, rarely explain why the child should comply with rules, and often rely on power tactics such as physical punishment to gain compliance

Question 14

how do authoritative parents parent

Answer 14

parents set clear rules and consistently enforce them, but they also explain the rationales for their rules and restrictions, are responsive to their children’s needs and points of view, and involve their children in family decision-making

Question 15

how do permissive parents parent

Answer 15

permissive parents are indulgent with few rules and few demands
they encourage children to express their feelings and impulses and rarely exert control over their behaviour

Question 16

how do uninvolved parents parent

Answer 16

they seem not to care much about their children and may even reject them
uninvolved parents may be so overwhelmed by their own problems that they cannot devote sufficient energy to expressing love and setting and enforcing rules

Question 17

what parenting styles leads to the best outcomes

Answer 17

authoritative

Question 18

what are the outcomes of authoritative parents

Answer 18

high self-esteem, internalised moral standards, psychosocial maturity, academic success

Question 19

what are the outcomes for authoritarian parents

Answer 19

anxiety
withdrawal
low self esteem

Question 20

what are the outcomes for permissive parents

Answer 20

impulsivity
disobedience
rebelliousness

Question 21

what are the outcomes of uninvolved parents

Answer 21

poor social-emotional development and control
social alienation
low self esteem

Question 22

what factors can influence parenting style

Answer 22

cultural background
specific circumstances
birth order
number of children
changes and stresses in family
temperament of child

Question 23

what is sibling rivalry

Answer 23

the spirit of competition, jealousy, and resentment between siblings is normal