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PYB203 > week 11 > Flashcards

week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what age range is growing the fastest in aus

A

older population

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2
Q

in 2004 what percentage of australians were over 65

A

13%

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3
Q

by 2051 what percentage of australians will be over 65

A

27%

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4
Q

what did the Australian longitudinal study of ageing find (ALSA)

A

overall, participants were very healthy in both psychological wellbeing and cognition

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5
Q

how many ALSA participants werent depressed

A

2/3-3/4 showed no signs of depression

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6
Q

what elderly people had the highest rates of depression

A

those living in residential care

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7
Q

what percentage of ALSA showed signs of cognitive impairment

A

less than 15%

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8
Q

what declines with age

A

fluid intelligence
memory
speed of processing

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9
Q

what remains stable with old age

A

crystallised intelligence (resulting from education and culture)

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10
Q

what did ALSA find regarding housing

A

many people in their 80s and older live independently in their homes with little to no assistance (ageing in place)

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11
Q

what is ageing in place

A

remaining at home or in own community
familiar surroundings
support networks

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12
Q

theories of successful ageing

A

activity theory
disengagement theory
sociomotional selectivity theory

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13
Q

what does activity theory believe the psychosocial needs are for elderly

A

the same as the needs of middle aged adults

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14
Q

based on activity theory, where does a decrease in social interaction in old age come from

A

withdrawal by society from the ageing person

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15
Q

based on activity theory when does optimal ageing occur

A

when the person stays active

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16
Q

what is the difference between activity and disengagement theories

A

activity theory and disengagement theory take opposing perspectives on adapting to the loss of roles or activities that occurs in late adulthood

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17
Q

where does disengagement theory believe a decrease in elderly social interactions come from

A

mutual withdrawal of both the individual and society

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18
Q

what does disengagement theory believe changes in elderly

A

there is an increased preoccupation with the self and decreased investment in society

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19
Q

when does disengagement theory believe optimal ageing happens

A

when the ageing person establishes greater psychological distance from those around him/her

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20
Q

what does disengagement theory believe should be expected when ageing

A

decreased social interactions

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21
Q

what is socioemotioanl selectivity theory

A

changes in social motives due to people becoming more aware of the limited amount of time they have left

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22
Q

what do the theories place the burden of adjustment on

A

individuals

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23
Q

what do late adulthood theories of successful ageing tend to disregard

A

factors such as:
- reduced financial circumstances
- range of activity and interest levels
- social support

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24
Q

types of ageing

A

primary ageing
secondary ageing (effects of illness and disease)

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25
what are the characteristics of mental disorders in older adults
they are underestimated and undertreated
26
why might there be a failure to diagnose and treat mental disorders
stigma professionals may think elderly are less treatable depression and anxiety may be seen as normal part of ageing
27
how do young children see death
as reversible or temporary and not necessarily inevitable
28
how do adolescents view death
tend to deny their own mortality
29
how do young adults view death
they tend to be angry when faced with their own death
30
how do middle adults view death
they become more aware of their own mortality
31
how do late adults view death
increasing acceptance of death generally less fearful of death
32
what is dementia
symptoms of any illness that causes a progressive decline in a persons cognitive function
33
what type of ageing is dementia
secondary ageing
34
is dementia common
most common in over 65 but is still extremely rare
35
what is the most common cause of dementia
Alzheimers disease which accounts for half of all cases
36
types of dementia
alzheimers disease vascular dementia related to strokes frontotemporal dementia dementia with lewy bodies
37
what is treatment like for dementia
each type of dementia has its own symptoms and therefore their own treatment plans
38
what is needed to be diagnosed with neurocognitive disorder
-evidence of cognitive decline from a previous of performance eg. ef, learning, memory - cognitive deficits interfere with independence everyday activities eg. requiring assistance - the cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of delirium - the cognitive deficits are not better explained by other disorders
39
what is the progression of dementia
10+ years
40
how do the cases of dementia change with age
2% in 70s 6% in 80s 45% in 90s
41
characteristics of early onset dementia
under 65 often genetic often faster progression
42
when can dementia be confirmed
post-mortem
43
key diagnostic features of alzheimers
memory impairment one of more of the following: - aphasia - apraxia - agnosia - executive dysfunction
44
what are alzheimers disease features in the brain
neuritic plaques neurofibrillary tangles
45
what are neuritic plaques
masses of dying neural material with a toxic protein that damages neurons
46
what are neurofibrillary tangles
twisted strands of neural fibres within the cell bodies of neurons
47
what is something we can see in the brain of advanced alzehiemers patients prior to death
cerebral atrophy
48
what type of memory declines in alzheimers patients
episodic and semantic memory deficits and impaired verbal and visual learning
49
how is stm and procedural in alzheimers
usually spared
50
language characteristics for alzheimers
anomic aphasia (impaired confrontation naming) general conversation skills relatively preserved until mid-late stages
50
language characteristics for alzheimers
anomic aphasia (impaired confrontation naming) general conversation skills relatively preserved until mid-late stages
51
visuospatial characteristics for alzheimers
range of visuospatial and spatial orientation deficits clock drawing
52
EF characteristics for alzheimers
increased disorganisation preservation impaired metacognitive areness impaired time estimation
53
sensory functioning characteristics for alzheimers
preserved visual, auditory and tactile acuity
54
emotional functioning characteristics for alzheimers
depression behavioural and psychiatric disturbances: insomnia delusion hallucinations apthy agitation irritability
55
characteristics of vascular dementia
more abrupt onset stepwise deterioration may have a history of hypertension
56
what is delirium
is an acute confusional state or episode characterised by sudden onset of impaired cognition
57
how many of all ages admitted to hospital have delirium
10-15%
58
how many people develop it once in hospital
5-40% of hospital patients
59
symptoms of delirium
decreased attention span disorganised thought rambling speech hallucinations delusions
60
how does delirium come about
confusion fluctuates throughout the day rapid onset levels of consciousness may vary
61
what causes delirium
drug intoxication or withdrawal sudden onset brain disease eg. meningitis infections electrolyte imbalance anticholinergic drugs heart, liver, kidney failure
62
is delirium reversible
yes its treatable and will go away
63
can people with dementia get delirium
yeah they are prone to it

PYB203 (11 decks)

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