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Psychological Assessment > Week 11 - Neuropsychological Assessment > Flashcards

Week 11 - Neuropsychological Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is the most commonly used battery for assessing memory?

A

Weschler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition

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2
Q

Slowing in speed in information processing is usually associated with

A

closed head injury

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3
Q

What is not a strength of the Wechsler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition?

A

it does not measure all types of memory

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4
Q

Most neuropsychological tests of memory and learning are involved in the assssment of

A

episodic memory

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5
Q

_____ stroke is more common and it is associated with _____

A

ischemic; blood clot

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6
Q

What is not a step of neuropsychological assessment?

A

neuroimaging

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7
Q

Amyloid plaques are usually found in the brain of patients with

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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8
Q

What functions are commonly assessed by a clinical neuropsychologist?

A

attention
language
memory
NOT reflex

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9
Q

Which parts of the brain is associated with memory function?

A

temporal
hippocampus
frontal

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10
Q

The brain is made up of neurons and glia. The main function of glia is

A

holding neurons together

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11
Q

Executive function is not a unitary construct and is considered to comprise

A

concept formation, planning and problem solving

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12
Q

What is a fixed neuropsychlogical battery?

A

Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery

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13
Q

The main symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are

A

memory and learning difficulties, disorientation and problems with abstract thinking

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14
Q

The three main types of neurons are

A

sensory neuron, motor neuron and interneuron

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15
Q

What is the average weight of the human brain?

A

1500 grams and 1.4L in volume

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16
Q

What are the functions of the highly wrinkled structures of the cerebellum?

A

motor learning, coordination of complex motor movement, and coordination of some mental processes

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17
Q

What is the brain stem made up of?

A

medulla oblongata, pons and the reticular formation

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18
Q

What is the medulla oblongata involved in?

A

vital functions - breathing swallowing etc.

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19
Q

What is the pons involved in?

A

functions i.e. eye movements and balance

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20
Q

What is the reticular formation involved in?

A

regulation of sleep-wake cycles and in maintaining arousal

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21
Q

What does the cortex mainly consist of?

A

nerve cell bodies or grey matter

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22
Q

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A

register, process and interpret visual stimuli

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23
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

A

initiate, plan and produce motor behaviours. It is also involved in executive functions

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24
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

A

register, process and interpret somatosensory stimuli and control visual actions

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25
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
register, process and interpret auditory stimuli, memory and learning, regulation of emotional behaviour and identification of visual objects
26
What is the basal ganglia involved in?
controlling and coordinating voluntary motor movement
27
What is the limbic system involved in?
memory, motivation and regulation of human emotion
28
Who was the first person to formally use the term neuropsychology?
Donald Hebb
29
What does experimental neuropsychology aim to understand?
the behavioural organisation of the human brain by studying normal individuals in the laboratory
30
What does comparative neuropsychology aim to understand?
the behavioural organisation of the human brain by studying animals in the laboratory
31
What do cognitive neuropsychology and clinical neuropsychologists have an interest in?
brain injury - the clinical neuropsychologists specialises in their assessment and treatment
32
What are the two types of traumatic brain injury?
open - caused by fast-moving projectiles | closed - caused by the impact of blunt external forces or by the sudden acceleration/deceleration of the moving brain
33
How is the severity of closed head injury assessed?
by using the Glasgow Coma Scale or the duration of Post-Traumatic Amnesia
34
What are common symptoms of closed head injury?
slowing in speed of information processing, attentional and memory problems, personality change, impulsivity, emotional and speech problems
35
What are the initial symptoms of a stroke?
numbness, weakness or paralysis of the face, arm or leg or body, loss of speech, blurred or decreased vision, dizziness or loss of balance, headache and confusion
36
What are the two main types of stroke?
ischaemic and haemorrhagic
37
When does an ischaemic stroke occur?
blood clots or other particles block one of the arteries that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the brain and leads to death of brain cells - about 80% of all strokes are ischaemic in nature
38
When does a haemorrhagic stroke occur?
occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures because of hypertension or weak spots in the blood vessel walls called aneurysms
39
What is a brain tumor?
an abnormal growth of cells in the brain
40
What are the two main types of brain tumor?
primary and secondary
41
What is a primary brain tumor?
they originate in the cells of the brain and they can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
42
What are secondary brain tumors?
they are metastases (migrating cancer cells) that originate from other parts of the body
43
What is epilepsy?
a condition in which a person suffers from a seizure or temporary disruption of brain function due to periodic disturbance from the brain's electrical activity
44
What are symotomatic epileptic seizures?
the cause of the seizure can be identified
45
What are idiopathic epileptic seizures?
the cause of the seizure is spontaneous and cannot be traced
46
What are focal seizures?
those that originate in a specific area of the brain and then spread to other parts
47
What are the symptoms of epilepsy?
disruption of sensory function, loss of consciousness and motor problems
48
What is meningitis?
a general term that describes the infection of the meninges
49
What is encephalitis?
the inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus
50
What are the five steps in a neuropsychological assessment?
1. interviewing 2. gathering other relevant information 3. neuropsychological testing 4. interpreting test results and integrating information 5. report writing and providing feedback
51
What is the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsyhological Battery?
it is a fixed battery that aims to provide a comprehensive measurement of neuropsychological functions
52
What are the subtests of the HRNB?
``` category test tactual performance test speech sounds perception test seashore rhythm test finger tapping test trail making test aphasia screening test sensory-perceptual examination ```
53
What are sensory functions?
they comprise the ability to encode and perceive sensory stimuli in the visual, auditory and somatosensory domains reliably and accurately
54
What can be used to assess sensory functions?
the sensory-perceptual examination from the HRNB
55
How many components are there of attention?
attention span, focused attention and selective attention
56
What is commonly used to assess attention span?
The Digit Span of the Weschsler Intelligence Scale
57
What type of brain injury are sensitive to performance on the Digits Backward subtest?
right frontal-lobe injuries
58
What are commonly used to assess focused attention?
the Trial Making Test and the Digit Symbol subtest from the WAIS
59
What are the two types of memory?
declarative (explicit) and nondeclarative (implicit)
60
What does semantic memory represent?
a person's knowledge of the world
61
What does episodic memory represent?
the memory of personal events
62
What is the most commonly used battery for memory and learning?
the Wechsler Memory Scale
63
How many subtests does the WMS-IV comprise of?
six subtests and an optional Brief Cognitive Screen
64
What are the subtests of the WMS-IV?
``` logical memory verbal paired associates designs I and II visual reproduction spatial addition symbol span brief cognitive status ```
65
What batteries are commonly used to assess verbal and visual memory?
the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) | the Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure Test
66
What has the RAVLT been found to be sensitive to?
verbal memory deficits in those with Alzheimer's disease or those with closed head injury
67
Who was the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) developed by and what does it do?
Wilson and her colleagues as a psychometric test of prospective memory
68
Where is the function of language mediated?
by the left cerebral hemisphere
69
What are two comprehensive language assessment batteries?
The Western Aphasia Battery- Revised | Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
70
Where is visuo-spatial function mediated?
the right cerebral hemisphere
71
What is the Hooper Visual Organisation Test?
a specific test of visuo-spatial functions
72
What test is used to assess a person's spatial awareness ability?
the Standardised Road-Map Test of Direction Sense
73
How are executive functions mediated?
By the prefrontal cortex
74
What are considered to be executive functions?
working memory, concept formation, problem solving and planning
75
What battery is used to assess executive functions?
the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)
76
How many subtests are in the D-KEFS and what are they?
nine 1. trial making test 2. verbal fluency 3. design fluency 4. colour-wword interference test 5. sorting test 6. twenty quetions test 7. tower test 8. proverb test 9. word context test
77
What is commonly used to assess motor strength?
the hand dynamometer
78
What is used to measure motor speed?
Finger Tapping Test of the HRNB
79
What is used to measure motor dexterity?
the Purdue Pegboard

Psychological Assessment (10 decks)

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