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Psychological Assessment > Week 11 - Neuropsychological Assessment > Flashcards

Week 11 - Neuropsychological Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the most commonly used battery for assessing memory?

A

Weschler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition

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2
Q

Slowing in speed in information processing is usually associated with

A

closed head injury

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3
Q

What is not a strength of the Wechsler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition?

A

it does not measure all types of memory

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4
Q

Most neuropsychological tests of memory and learning are involved in the assssment of

A

episodic memory

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5
Q

_____ stroke is more common and it is associated with _____

A

ischemic; blood clot

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6
Q

What is not a step of neuropsychological assessment?

A

neuroimaging

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7
Q

Amyloid plaques are usually found in the brain of patients with

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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8
Q

What functions are commonly assessed by a clinical neuropsychologist?

A

attention
language
memory
NOT reflex

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9
Q

Which parts of the brain is associated with memory function?

A

temporal
hippocampus
frontal

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10
Q

The brain is made up of neurons and glia. The main function of glia is

A

holding neurons together

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11
Q

Executive function is not a unitary construct and is considered to comprise

A

concept formation, planning and problem solving

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12
Q

What is a fixed neuropsychlogical battery?

A

Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery

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13
Q

The main symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are

A

memory and learning difficulties, disorientation and problems with abstract thinking

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14
Q

The three main types of neurons are

A

sensory neuron, motor neuron and interneuron

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15
Q

What is the average weight of the human brain?

A

1500 grams and 1.4L in volume

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16
Q

What are the functions of the highly wrinkled structures of the cerebellum?

A

motor learning, coordination of complex motor movement, and coordination of some mental processes

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17
Q

What is the brain stem made up of?

A

medulla oblongata, pons and the reticular formation

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18
Q

What is the medulla oblongata involved in?

A

vital functions - breathing swallowing etc.

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19
Q

What is the pons involved in?

A

functions i.e. eye movements and balance

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20
Q

What is the reticular formation involved in?

A

regulation of sleep-wake cycles and in maintaining arousal

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21
Q

What does the cortex mainly consist of?

A

nerve cell bodies or grey matter

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22
Q

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A

register, process and interpret visual stimuli

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23
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

A

initiate, plan and produce motor behaviours. It is also involved in executive functions

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24
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

A

register, process and interpret somatosensory stimuli and control visual actions

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25
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A

register, process and interpret auditory stimuli, memory and learning, regulation of emotional behaviour and identification of visual objects

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26
Q

What is the basal ganglia involved in?

A

controlling and coordinating voluntary motor movement

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27
Q

What is the limbic system involved in?

A

memory, motivation and regulation of human emotion

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28
Q

Who was the first person to formally use the term neuropsychology?

A

Donald Hebb

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29
Q

What does experimental neuropsychology aim to understand?

A

the behavioural organisation of the human brain by studying normal individuals in the laboratory

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30
Q

What does comparative neuropsychology aim to understand?

A

the behavioural organisation of the human brain by studying animals in the laboratory

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31
Q

What do cognitive neuropsychology and clinical neuropsychologists have an interest in?

A

brain injury - the clinical neuropsychologists specialises in their assessment and treatment

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32
Q

What are the two types of traumatic brain injury?

A

open - caused by fast-moving projectiles

closed - caused by the impact of blunt external forces or by the sudden acceleration/deceleration of the moving brain

33
Q

How is the severity of closed head injury assessed?

A

by using the Glasgow Coma Scale or the duration of Post-Traumatic Amnesia

34
Q

What are common symptoms of closed head injury?

A

slowing in speed of information processing, attentional and memory problems, personality change, impulsivity, emotional and speech problems

35
Q

What are the initial symptoms of a stroke?

A

numbness, weakness or paralysis of the face, arm or leg or body, loss of speech, blurred or decreased vision, dizziness or loss of balance, headache and confusion

36
Q

What are the two main types of stroke?

A

ischaemic and haemorrhagic

37
Q

When does an ischaemic stroke occur?

A

blood clots or other particles block one of the arteries that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the brain and leads to death of brain cells - about 80% of all strokes are ischaemic in nature

38
Q

When does a haemorrhagic stroke occur?

A

occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures because of hypertension or weak spots in the blood vessel walls called aneurysms

39
Q

What is a brain tumor?

A

an abnormal growth of cells in the brain

40
Q

What are the two main types of brain tumor?

A

primary and secondary

41
Q

What is a primary brain tumor?

A

they originate in the cells of the brain and they can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous)

42
Q

What are secondary brain tumors?

A

they are metastases (migrating cancer cells) that originate from other parts of the body

43
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

a condition in which a person suffers from a seizure or temporary disruption of brain function due to periodic disturbance from the brain’s electrical activity

44
Q

What are symotomatic epileptic seizures?

A

the cause of the seizure can be identified

45
Q

What are idiopathic epileptic seizures?

A

the cause of the seizure is spontaneous and cannot be traced

46
Q

What are focal seizures?

A

those that originate in a specific area of the brain and then spread to other parts

47
Q

What are the symptoms of epilepsy?

A

disruption of sensory function, loss of consciousness and motor problems

48
Q

What is meningitis?

A

a general term that describes the infection of the meninges

49
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

the inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus

50
Q

What are the five steps in a neuropsychological assessment?

A
  1. interviewing
  2. gathering other relevant information
  3. neuropsychological testing
  4. interpreting test results and integrating information
  5. report writing and providing feedback
51
Q

What is the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsyhological Battery?

A

it is a fixed battery that aims to provide a comprehensive measurement of neuropsychological functions

52
Q

What are the subtests of the HRNB?

A 
category test
tactual performance test
speech sounds perception test
seashore rhythm test
finger tapping test
trail making test
aphasia screening test
sensory-perceptual examination
53
Q

What are sensory functions?

A

they comprise the ability to encode and perceive sensory stimuli in the visual, auditory and somatosensory domains reliably and accurately

54
Q

What can be used to assess sensory functions?

A

the sensory-perceptual examination from the HRNB

55
Q

How many components are there of attention?

A

attention span, focused attention and selective attention

56
Q

What is commonly used to assess attention span?

A

The Digit Span of the Weschsler Intelligence Scale

57
Q

What type of brain injury are sensitive to performance on the Digits Backward subtest?

A

right frontal-lobe injuries

58
Q

What are commonly used to assess focused attention?

A

the Trial Making Test and the Digit Symbol subtest from the WAIS

59
Q

What are the two types of memory?

A

declarative (explicit) and nondeclarative (implicit)

60
Q

What does semantic memory represent?

A

a person’s knowledge of the world

61
Q

What does episodic memory represent?

A

the memory of personal events

62
Q

What is the most commonly used battery for memory and learning?

A

the Wechsler Memory Scale

63
Q

How many subtests does the WMS-IV comprise of?

A

six subtests and an optional Brief Cognitive Screen

64
Q

What are the subtests of the WMS-IV?

A 
logical memory
verbal paired associates
designs I and II
visual reproduction
spatial addition
symbol span
brief cognitive status
65
Q

What batteries are commonly used to assess verbal and visual memory?

A

the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)

the Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure Test

66
Q

What has the RAVLT been found to be sensitive to?

A

verbal memory deficits in those with Alzheimer’s disease or those with closed head injury

67
Q

Who was the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) developed by and what does it do?

A

Wilson and her colleagues as a psychometric test of prospective memory

68
Q

Where is the function of language mediated?

A

by the left cerebral hemisphere

69
Q

What are two comprehensive language assessment batteries?

A

The Western Aphasia Battery- Revised

Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination

70
Q

Where is visuo-spatial function mediated?

A

the right cerebral hemisphere

71
Q

What is the Hooper Visual Organisation Test?

A

a specific test of visuo-spatial functions

72
Q

What test is used to assess a person’s spatial awareness ability?

A

the Standardised Road-Map Test of Direction Sense

73
Q

How are executive functions mediated?

A

By the prefrontal cortex

74
Q

What are considered to be executive functions?

A

working memory, concept formation, problem solving and planning

75
Q

What battery is used to assess executive functions?

A

the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)

76
Q

How many subtests are in the D-KEFS and what are they?

A

nine

  1. trial making test
  2. verbal fluency
  3. design fluency
  4. colour-wword interference test
  5. sorting test
  6. twenty quetions test
  7. tower test
  8. proverb test
  9. word context test
77
Q

What is commonly used to assess motor strength?

A

the hand dynamometer

78
Q

What is used to measure motor speed?

A

Finger Tapping Test of the HRNB

79
Q

What is used to measure motor dexterity?

A

the Purdue Pegboard

Psychological Assessment (10 decks)

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