Week 12, Chapter 14

Question 1

What are the 4 kinds of parenting styles and their major differences?

Answer 1

Permissive (indulgent, low control), uninvolved (self explanatory), authoritarian (control, power assertive, unidirectional communication), authoritative (reciprocal, responsive, bidirectional communication)

Question 2

What are the typical child characteristics of authoritative parenting (4)?

Answer 2

Competent and self assured, able to control their own behavior, low in antisocial behaviors, in adolescence; high in social and academic competence

Question 3

What are the typical child characteristics of authoritarian parenting (4)?

Answer 3

Low in social and academic competence, unhappy and unfriendly, ineffective coping of stressors, negative academic outcomes

Question 4

What are the child characteristics of permissive parenting (3)?

Answer 4

Impulsive kids, low in school achievement, as adolescents; engage in more school misconduct and drug use

Question 5

What are child characteristics of uninvolved parenting (3)?

Answer 5

Infants and toddlers tend to have attachment problems, poor peer relationships, adolescents tend to show numerous academic, social, and emotional problems

Question 6

What factors affect parenting style (5)?

Answer 6

Infant attractiveness, temperament and behaviors, bidirectionaily of parent child interactions, socioeconomic status (SES), culture

Question 7

How does socioeconomic status (SES) affect parenting style?

Answer 7

Low SES more likely to use authoritarian style, higher SES mothers more likely to use style that is accepting and democratic and communicate more

Question 8

What are 6 facts about punishment?

Answer 8

Needs to be administered promptly and consistently, give explanation and suggestions how to act in future, given by person with warm relationship. Cons; behavior stopped temporarily, may not learn lesson, may imitate behavior of parent to peers or siblings

Question 9

What are the main differences in the messages of time out vs. time in?

Answer 9

Behavior and feelings unacceptable, needs don’t matter, love conditional; Time together, calming, distraction, communication

Question 10

What are 5 impacts of divorce on children?

Answer 10

Level of parental conflict, stress, age of child (harmful during childhood and adolescence), quality of contact with noncustodial parent, child’s own characteristics

Question 11

What are 3 facts about blended families?

Answer 11

Can benefit or cause issues depending on which parent in new relationship, easier or younger children, authoritative works best

Question 12

What are the 5 styles of grandparenting?

Answer 12

Influential, supportive, authority oriented, passive, and detached

Question 13

What are the 6 conditions of sibling relationship quality?

Answer 13

Best when; same sex, neither temperamentally emotional, younger enters adolescence, no favouritism, each well defined relationship with parents, parent warm with each other

Question 14

What are 3 facts about firstborn children?

Answer 14

Higher scores on IQ tests, more likely to go to university, more willing to conform to adults requests

Question 15

What is 1 fact about laterborn children?

Answer 15

Tend to be more popular and innovative

Question 16

What are 3 facts about only children?

Answer 16

More likely to succeed in school, higher levels of IQ and self esteem, don’t differ in popularity, adjustment, and personality

Question 17

What are 5 risk factors of childhood maltreatment?

Answer 17

Parental history, low SES, parental personality, intimate partner violence, higher baseline autonomic nervous system activity

Question 18

What are 3 suggestions for preventing maltreatment?

Answer 18

Change social attitudes towards acceptable punishments, eliminate poverty and other stressors, providing parents with better education about child development, parenting, coping skills as well as social support

Question 19

What are the 6 kinds of peer interactions and their age?

Answer 19

Unoccupied (0-3 months), solitary (0-2 years), onlooker (2 years), parallel (2+ years), associative (3-4 years), cooperative (3.5+ years)

Question 20

T or F: Children who engage in make believe play tend to be more advanced in language, memory, executive functioning, and understanding others thoughts, beliefs, and feelings

Answer 20

T

Question 21

What are the main differences between friendships in childhood, adolescence, and mature (15+)?

Answer 21

Convenience; intimate and confide in each other; emotional closeness, close despite distance

Question 22

What are the main differences between romantic relationships at 11-13, 14-16, and 17-18?

Answer 22

Short (weeks), concerns of status, intimacy nonexistent); longer (months), intimacy may be primary though social still a concern, socialize in group settings; long term (year+), more time alone, intimacy primary

Question 23

What is this: groups of 2-12, same sex, similar age, ethnicity, connected through common interests, history, or pre-existing friendships, dominance hierarchy, and purpose is to provide context to develop social skills

Answer 23

Clique

Question 24

What are liaisons and isolates?

Answer 24

Not part of clique, but associated with different members of different cliques; few or no links to others in the network

Question 25

What is this: Large clusters of peers who may or may not interact regularly, connected by shared reputation or stereotypes, function is to help teens navigate undifferentiated social environments by establishing group norms and standards. Serves as an important social reference group for identity development

Answer 25

Crowds

Question 26

What is the difference between perceived and sociometric popularity?

Answer 26

Who do people think is the most popular (depends on what is valued in that peer group) vs. who do people actually like (pretty universal)

Question 27

What are the 3 types of rejected profiles in regards to sociometric peer popularity?

Answer 27

Aggressive (unable to control negative emotions), withdrawn (shy, anxious, inhibited), aggressive-withdrawn (hostile but also anxious and nervous about social interaction)

Question 28

Define the controversial category in sociometric peer popularity

Answer 28

Lots of likes and dislikes, high social impact, have a lot of power over peer groups, may be prosocial and aggressive, more likely to be perceived as popular

Question 29

Define the neglected category in sociometric peer popularity

Answer 29

Not mentioned, may or may not be negative experience

Question 30

What are 3 possible consequences of repeated rejection?

Answer 30

Dropping out of school engagement in criminal behavior, experiencing psychopathology

Question 31

What are 3 facts about working long hours (20+ hrs/week) in adolesence?

Answer 31

Greater school misconduct, precocious sexual activity, smoking cigarettes, drinking, drug use

Question 32

What are 3 pros of part time employment in adolesence?

Answer 32

Shorter hours teaches actual skills, summer jobs fine, reasons for working matter

Question 33

What is the family and economic stress model?

Answer 33

Economic pressure and chronic poverty = parental mental health = less effective parenting = children's behavioral problems

Question 34

What is counter imitation and what can produce it?

Answer 34

Learning what should not be done; observational learning

Question 35

What is this: Adult talks to child immediately to help them understand the situation and their own feelings

Answer 35

Time in

Question 36

What kind of grandparent is this: Close to grandkids, very involved, frequently perform parental roles including discipline

Answer 36

Influential

Question 37

What kind of grandparent is this: Similar to influential, do not take on parental roles

Answer 37

Supportive

Question 38

What kind of grandparent is this: Provide discipline but otherwise not primarily involved

Answer 38

Authority

Question 39

What kind of grandparent is this: Caught up in grandkids development, but not with the intensity of supportive or influential, do not assume parental roles

Answer 39

Passive

Question 40

What kind of grandparent is this: Uninvolved with grandkids

Answer 40

Detached

Question 41

What is this: Denotes children's ability to respond adaptively and resourcefully to new situations

Answer 41

Ego-resilience

Question 42

What are the 4 roles parents can have in the influence of play?

Answer 42

Playmate (used to scaffold level of play), social director (arranging visits, activities), coach (must be constructive for child to benefit), mediator (for young children)

Question 43

What is this: Friends spend much of their time together discussing each other's personal problems

Answer 43

Co-rumination

Question 44

What is the term for children who care for themselves

Answer 44

Latchkey children