Week 3, Chapter 4 & 5

Question 1

During what period of time is growth very rapid?

Answer 1

First year until preschool, then again in adolescence

Question 2

What does cephalocaudal and proximodistal mean?

Answer 2

From head to foot (meaning head and trunk grows faster than legs); from close in to farther out (meaning grows motor control develops before fine motor skills)

Question 3

What does this refer to: generational changes in physical development

Answer 3

Secular growth trends

Question 4

Why is sleep important for growth?

Answer 4

80% of growth hormone is secreted during sleep

Question 5

Where is the growth hormone secreted from?

Answer 5

Pituitary gland

Question 6

Why are kids often picky eaters?

Answer 6

Super taster (extra taste buds makes them sensitive to tastes)

Question 7

How do you “treat” to picky eaters (4)?

Answer 7

Allow them to eat food in any order, don’t force new foods, don’t enforce a clean plate, don’t use food as reward or punishment

Question 8

When do girls vs. boys start to experience puberty related changes?

Answer 8

10; 11.5-12

Question 9

What is the term called for a girls first period?

Answer 9

Menarche

Question 10

What eating disorder is this: refusal to eat and irrational fear of being overweight

Answer 10

Anorexia

Question 11

What eating disorder is this: uncontrolled eating and purging by self induced vomiting or laxatives

Answer 11

Bulimia

Question 12

What are the mortality rates for anorexia and bulimia?

Answer 12

5% within 4 years; 4% with increased risk of suicide

Question 13

What disorder is this: persistent dissatisfaction with perceived body shape? What is it classified as?

Answer 13

Body dysmorphic; OCD and related disorders

Question 14

What are contributing factors to obesity?

Answer 14

Heredity, parental influence, sedentary lifestyle, too little sleep, social determinants of health

Question 15

What are the top 5 killers of children worldwide?

Answer 15

Pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, malaria, malnutrition

Question 16

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 16

Wrinkled surface of the brain, consists of right and left hemispheres

Question 17

What connects the 2 hemispheres?

Answer 17

Corpus callosum

Question 18

What controls personality and ability to carry out plans?

Answer 18

Frontal cortex

Question 19

How does the neural tube develop and when?

Answer 19

Neural plate is folded to become the tube; 3 weeks after conception

Question 20

What is neurogenesis?

Answer 20

Proliferation of neurons through cell division

Question 21

What is synaptogenesis and when does it occur?

Answer 21

Formation of synapses/connections between neurons; 23rd week and rapidly after birth

Question 22

What does each hemisphere specialize in?

Answer 22

Verbal functioning; motion and face recognition

Question 23

What is brain plasticity?

Answer 23

Extent to which brain organization is flexible

Question 24

What is experience-expectant growth and is it continuous or discontinuous?

Answer 24

Developing in response to universal experiences (critical developmental periods); discontinuous

Question 25

What is experience-dependent growth and is it continuous or discontinuous?

Answer 25

Developing in response to unique, individual experiences (creating new synaptic connections); continuous

Question 26

What is the difference between sensation and perception?

Answer 26

Raw input; making sense of input

Question 27

For babies, when does manual exploration take over oral?

Answer 27

4 months

Question 28

What is visual acuity?

Answer 28

The smallest pattern that can be distinguished dependently

Question 29

When does color vision develop?

Answer 29

3-4 months

Question 30

What is this called: the quietest sound a person can hear

Answer 30

Auditory threshold

Question 31

What is the phenomenon called when newborns turn toward sounds?

Answer 31

Auditory localization

Question 32

What is the phenomenon called when information is perceived by multiple senses?

Answer 32

Amodal

Question 33

T or F: babies cannot detect emotional expression

Answer 33

F; they can

Question 34

T or F: babies will stare longer at something if there is sound coming from it too

Answer 34

T

Question 35

T or F: by 4 months, infants have size, shape, brightness, and color constancy

Answer 35

T

Question 36

In the visual cliff paradigm, what was the difference between 1.5 months and 7 months?

Answer 36

Heart rate slows indicating interest; heart rate increases indicating fear

Question 37

What are kinetic cues?

Answer 37

Using motion to estimate depth

Question 38

What is the motion parallax?

Answer 38

Objects at different distances move at different speeds, and closer objects move faster than distant ones

Question 39

What is visual expansion?

Answer 39

Occurs when you approach an object; closer you are, the more retina the object occupies

Question 40

What is retinal disparity?

Answer 40

Requires both eyes and occurs because each eye sees a slightly different image

Question 41

What are 4 pictorial cues?

Answer 41

Linear perspective (parallel lines converge with distance), relative size (smaller objects appear farther), texture gradient (details increase with distance), interposition (overlapping objects suggest depth)

Question 42

T or F: kinetic cues are present from birth

Answer 42

T

Question 43

When do retinal disparity and pictorial cues develop?

Answer 43

3-5 months, 5-7 months

Question 44

What some preferences infants have for faces (4)?

Answer 44

Unscrambled features, upright, attractive, own race

Question 45

At what age do babies start recognizing individual faces?

Answer 45

3-4 months

Question 46

What age can a baby sit alone?

Answer 46

6-7 months

Question 47

What age can a baby crawl?

Answer 47

7-8 months

Question 48

What age can a baby stand alone?

Answer 48

11 months

Question 49

What age can a baby walk?

Answer 49

12 months

Question 50

What are the 4 components of Esther Thelen's Dynamic Systems Theory?

Answer 50

1. Complexivity (development as an integrated system) 2. multicausality (no single element has causality) 3. continuity in time and system self organization (changes occur via developmental transitions 4. the system is dynamic. (one change can reorganize the whole system)

Question 51

When does the stepping reflex disappear?

Answer 51

2 months

Question 52

What theory is this: motor development involves many distinct skills that constantly (re)organized to meet changing demands

Answer 52

Dynamic systems theory

Question 53

What 2 component skills are necessary for coordination?

Answer 53

Differentiation and integration

Question 54

When does handedness first emerge?

Answer 54

13 months

Question 55

What are the ends of cartilage structures called?

Answer 55

Epiphyses

Question 56

What are the differences between primary and secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 56

Organs involved with reproduction; physical signs of maturity not directly linked to sex organs

Question 57

What is the first spontaneous ejaculation called?

Answer 57

Spermarche

Question 58

What happens in osteoporosis?

Answer 58

Bones become thin and brittle

Question 59

What is a neuron made of?

Answer 59

Cell body, dendrite (tree), axon (tube that sends info), myelin (wraps axon), terminal buttons (knobs at the end of the axon), neurotransmitters, synapse

Question 60

What is the intersensory redundancy theory?

Answer 60

Infant's perceptual system is particularly attuned to amodal information that is presented to multiple sensory modes