Week 18 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?
2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of a lumen, providing more protection.
E.g. lines ducts of mammary glands.
What characterizes stratified squamous epithelium?
Many cell layers, making this tissue relatively thick; newer cells push older ones outward where they flatten.
E.g. epidermis (superficial layer of skin).
Describe simple columnar epithelium.
Single layer of cells with elongated nuclei located at about the same level; cells are taller than they are wide and can be ciliated or non-ciliated.
E.g. goblet cells.
What is simple cuboidal epithelium?
Single layer of cube-shaped cells, usually with centrally located, spherical nuclei.
E.g. covers the ovaries.
Define simple squamous epithelium.
Single layer of thin, flattened cells that fit lightly together and have broad, thin nuclei.
E.g. lines the air sacs (alveoli).
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
Protection, secretion, absorption, excretion.
Cover body surface, cover & line internal organs, secreting portions of glands.
What are the four major types of tissues?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Appears to be stratified but is not; nuclei lie at two or more levels in the row and commonly have cilia.
E.g. lines passage of the respiratory system.
Describe transitional epithelium.
Specialized to change in response to increased tension.
E.g. forms inner lining of the urinary bladder.
What is connective tissue?
Most abundant and widely distributed tissue; binds structures, provides support and protection, stores fat, fills spaces, produces blood cells, protects against infections, repairs tissue damage.
What are osteocytes?
Bone cells that occupy very small bony spaces called lacunae.
What is the extracellular matrix of bone tissue primarily composed of?
Collagen and inorganic salts (calcium phosphate).
What is an osteon?
Cylinder-shaped unit consisting of a central canal with clusters of osteocytes and layers of extracellular matrix around it.
What distinguishes compact bone from spongy bone?
Compact bone has limited gaps between osteons, while spongy bone comprises trabeculae and does not aggregate around central canals.
What are the types of connective tissues?
- Loose connective tissue
- Dense connective tissue
- Specialized connective tissue
What does loose connective tissue do?
Binds organs and is found beneath skin & epithelial tissues, between muscles.
What is the function of adipose tissue?
Protects, insulates, and stores fat.
What is the role of reticular connective tissue?
Supports structures and is found in the walls of the liver and spleen.
What is the function of hyaline cartilage?
Supports, protects, and provides a framework.
Fill in the blank: The study of cells is called _______.
[Cytology]
Fill in the blank: The study of the microscopic structure of plant and animal tissues is called _______.
[Histology]
Fill in the blank: The anatomical position involves the body being _______ with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.
[Standing]
What is homeostasis?
Condition of a stable internal environment.
What is negative feedback?
A mechanism that moves conditions back to a normal state.
E.g. regulation of blood pressure.
