Week 25 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the main components of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
What is the weight range of each kidney?
115-170g
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
Filter the blood and return most of water and solutes to the blood stream
List the functions of the kidneys.
- Regulation of blood ionic composition
- Regulation of blood pH
- Regulation of blood osmolarity
- Regulation of blood volume
- Regulation of blood pressure
- Secretion of renin
- Release of erythropoietin
- Excretion of wastes and foreign substances
Describe the external anatomy of the kidneys.
Paired kidney bean-shaped organ, 4-5 inches long, 2-3 inches wide, 1 inch thick, retroperitoneal
What protects the kidneys from trauma?
Adipose capsule
What structure surrounds the capsular space in the renal corpuscle?
Bowman’s capsule
What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) in glomerular filtration?
10 mmHg
What are the three main pressures affecting glomerular filtration?
- Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP)
- Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
- Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
True or False: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly proportional to net filtration pressure.
True
What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption of water and useful substances
Fill in the blank: The filtering unit of a nephron is the _______.
endothelial-capsular membrane
What triggers the micturition reflex?
Stretch receptors signal spinal cord and brain when bladder volume exceeds 200-400 mL
What are the three regions of the male urethra?
- Prostatic urethra
- Membranous urethra
- Spongy urethra
What is the normal capacity of the urinary bladder?
700-800 mL
What type of epithelium is found in the mucosa of the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelium
What is the primary role of tubular secretion in the nephron?
Transfer of materials from blood into tubular fluid
What is the function of podocytes in the renal corpuscle?
Cover capillaries to form the visceral layer
What process occurs in the renal tubule that involves the removal of wastes from blood?
Tubular secretion
How does urine flow through the urinary system?
From kidneys to ureters, then to urinary bladder, and out through the urethra
What is the histological structure of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Simple cuboidal with brush border of microvilli
What is the role of the renal fascia?
Holds the kidneys against the back body wall
What is the significance of the trigone in the urinary bladder?
A smooth flat area bordered by 2 ureteral openings and one urethral opening
What is the role of renin secreted by the kidneys?
Regulates blood pressure
