Week 26 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are gametes?
Germ cells called gametes (sperm and 2nd oocyte)
Gametes are the reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction.
What is the role of gonads in the reproductive system?
Gonads produce gametes and secrete sex hormones
Gonads include testes in males and ovaries in females.
Define gynaecology.
The study of the female reproductive system
Gynaecology focuses on women’s health issues.
Define urology.
The study of the urinary system & male reproductive system
Urology addresses issues related to the urinary tract and male reproductive organs.
What is the primary function of the scrotum?
Supports the testes and regulates their temperature
Sperm survival requires a temperature lower than the core body temperature.
What are the components of the male reproductive system?
Gonads, ducts, sex glands & supporting structures
Key structures include testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands.
What is spermatogenesis?
The formation of sperm cells from spermatogonia
This process occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
What is the function of Sertoli cells?
Support, protect and nourish spermatogenic cells
Sertoli cells are crucial for the development of sperm.
What do Leydig cells produce?
Testosterone
Leydig cells are located between seminiferous tubules.
What are the parts of a sperm cell?
Head, midpiece, tail
Each part has a specific function in fertilization and mobility.
What stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH?
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
GnRH is released from the hypothalamus.
What is the function of testosterone?
Changes genetic activity and develops male characteristics
Testosterone influences sexual behavior and metabolic processes.
Where does sperm maturation occur?
In the epididymis
Sperm can remain in storage here for at least 1 month.
What is the ejaculatory duct formed from?
Duct of seminal vesicle & ampulla of vas deferens
This duct is responsible for ejecting sperm into the urethra.
What is the typical volume of ejaculate?
2.5 – 5 ml
This volume contains sperm and seminal fluid.
What is the main function of the seminal vesicles?
Secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins
This fluid makes up a significant portion of semen.
What hormones are involved in the female reproductive cycle?
Estrogen and progesterone
These hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
What is the primary function of the uterus?
Development of a fetus during pregnancy
The uterus also plays roles in menstruation and implantation.
What are the layers of the uterus?
Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
Each layer has distinct functions related to menstruation and childbirth.
What is oogenesis?
The formation of a single haploid secondary oocyte
Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries and involves meiosis.
Define corpus luteum.
An ovulation wound filled with hormone-secreting cells
The corpus luteum is critical for maintaining early pregnancy.
What is the function of the vagina?
Passageway for spermatozoa and the menstrual flow
The vagina also serves as the birth canal.
What is the vulva?
External genitalia including labia and clitoris
The vulva encompasses the structures around the vaginal opening.
What is the role of mammary glands?
Produce milk (lactation)
Mammary glands are modified sweat glands that develop during pregnancy.
