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Week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of a membrane?

A

Determines where molecules can go or exist in a body

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2
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest independent unit of life

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3
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Make proteins

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4
Q

What are the roles of DNA?

A

Stores genetic info
Stores info to make proteins

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5
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

A multicellular cell with membrane bound organelles

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6
Q

What are the organelles of a eukaryotic cell?

A

Cytoplasm
nucleus
ribosomes
cell membrane
nucleus membrane
DNA
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
golgi apparatis

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7
Q

What are the organelles of a prokaryotic cell?

A

pili
ribosomes
cytoplasm
plasmid
flagellum
nucleotide
cell wall
plasma membrane

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8
Q

What is a virulent?

A

A disease extremely harmful in its’ effects

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9
Q

What are the infectious agents that are cells?

A

bacteria
fungi
protozoa
worms
parasites

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10
Q

What is a protozoa?

A

a single celled parasite

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11
Q

What is a worm?

A

Multicellular parasite

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12
Q

What is a prion?

A

Are deformed proteins that deform other proteins

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13
Q

Are all infectious agents living?

A

no

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14
Q

What is a virus?

A

A nucleic acid and a protein coat that causes disease.

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15
Q

Do viruses have cell membranes?

A

no

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16
Q

Rank the following in order of size smallest to largest:
prions
protozoa
virus
bacteria
fungi
parasites

A

1- prion
2- virus
3- bacteria
4- parasite
5- fungi
6- protozoa

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17
Q

What is the makeup of a cell membrane?

A

A double layer of phospholipids with proteins and carbs imbedded in it.

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18
Q

How are the phospholipids structured in the cell membrane and why are they like that?

A

With their tails facing inward towards each other. The heads are hydrophilic and tails are hydrophobic this is so the cell can determine what it is letting in and out.

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19
Q

How do cells stick together?

A

The proteins imbedded in the membrane interact with the proteins in another cells membrane and that causes them to stick

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20
Q

What are the functions of the plasma membrane?

A

embedded proteins to receive info allowing cells to stick or join together to form tissues Transport through proteins
Separation of intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF)
recognition of the cell as a cell

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21
Q

Why do cells stick together?

A

To form tissues

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22
Q

What are the 2 parts that make up extracellular fluid and what are they?

A

Interstitial fluid- the fluid outside of but surrounding blood vessels and cell

Intravascular fluid- blood cells and plasma

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23
Q

Is the eukaryotic cell/ plasma membrane semipermeable? What does this mean?

A

Yes
It is selective

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24
Q

What is diffusion?

A

A particular substance moving from high concentration to low concentration
using a concentration gradient

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25
Are ions and molecules constantly in motion?
Yes
26
What is a concentration gradient used in? Why is it used in this process?
Diffusion Because it is passive, so it requires something to move it or it wont happen
27
How do molecules become evenly distributed?
Through diffusion
28
Is diffusion passive?
Yes
29
Can diffusion only occur in one way? What way?
Yes From high concentration to low
30
Once you get to low concentration in diffusion what does this mean?
Even distribution has occurred.
31
What is diffusion used for in the body?
To move substances to and from cells and to move substances within cells
32
What is an example of diffusion?
Moving CO2 out of the blood and moving O2 in
33
What are some factors that influence diffusion?
- temp - viscosity of the medium - size of the substance - diffusion barriers such as thickness and surface area - the steepness of the concentration gradient - pressure
34
What is the main diffusion barrier?
The cell membrane
35
What is osmosis?
A solvent moving across a semipermeable membrane from low concentration
36
What happens when you add more water to a solute?
It becomes more diluted
37
In osmosis does water move towards the higher concentration of solutes or towards more water?
higher concentration of solutes
38
If there is an equal concentration of water will osmosis occur?
No
39
What has to occur for water to move in cells?
A concentration difference or the introduction of energy- creating active transport
40
What does active transport require?
Energy input
41
What does active transport allow?
Movement against the concentration gradient
42
What properties are required for something to move through a membrane?
Hydrophobic Small
43
What properties will a membrane not let through?
Hydrophilic Large
44
What are the passive modes of transport?
Osmosis Diffusion
45
What is aquaporin?
A hole in the cell membrane that allows water to move through it
46
What is bulk transport?
Move large particles through the cell membrane using energy input
47
What is endocytosis?
The cell wraps the large object trying to enter it with a small portion of the membrane brining it into the cell and keeping it in a visical.
48
What is exocytosis?
Containing a large entity in a visical and using the visical to move it out of the cell
49
What is transcytosis?
Using endocytosis to bring in a bulk object then transports it through the cell and removes it using exocytosis
50
What are the 3 body fluids?
water intracellular fluid extracellular fluid
51
What does osmotically active mean?
A solute that can cause osmosis
52
Is the concentration of ICF and ECF the same or different? Why?
The same If it wasn’t water would be moving between the 2 all the time
53
How is fluid balance in the ECF and ICF maintained?
- concentration of solutes - same level of osmolarity
54
What is an example of maintaining fluid balance in the body?
The use of kidneys
55
What happens when we change the concentration of a solute?
There will be a rapid change in the water levels in cells
56
What does isotonic mean?
Same concentration of solutes outside and inside of the cells
57
What happens when you put cells in hypertonic solutions?
Cells loose water through osmosis and shrink
58
What is hypertonic?
Contain a higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell than inside
59
What is hypotonic?
Contain a lower concentration of solutes outside than inside of the cell
60
What happens to cells when they are put in a hypotonic solution?
They burst
61
What is a crenate?
The shrinking of a cell due to being put in a hypertonic solution
62
What is a lyse?
The bursting of a cell due to being put in a hypotonic solution

HUBS (8 decks)

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