Week 2

Question 1

What theories does the multidimensional model integrate?

Answer 1

Fielders contingency model of leadership and effectiveness (1967)

Evans (1970) & Houses (1971) path-goal theory of leadership

Osborne and Hunts (1975) adaptive-reactive theory of leadership

Yukls (1971) discrepancy model of leadership

Question 2

What are the three leader behaviours?

Answer 2

Actual - engaged in irrespective of norms or follower preferences (influenced by leader competence)

Preferred - behaviours that followers would like to see in the leader (determined by the group)

Required - behaviour expected of leader on a more formal basis (may be dictated by strategy or organisation system)

Question 3

What are the situational characteristics outlined by the multidimensional model? (Determines required behaviour)

Answer 3

Environmental conditions 
Number involved in team/squad
Time constraints
Strength of opposition
Social cultural characteristics

Question 4

What are the leader characteristics outlined by the multidimensional model? (Determines actual behaviour)

Answer 4

Skill
Qualifications
Personality
Experience

Question 5

What are the members characteristics outlined by the multidimensional model? (Determines preferred behaviour)

Answer 5

Age 
Gender 
Personality
Motivation
Competence
Experience

Question 6

What is the congruence hypothesis?

Answer 6

If the coaches actual behaviour is what is required by the situation and what players prefer, this should lead to good performance and high satisfaction in players.

Question 7

What is transformational leadership?

Answer 7

Takes place when leaders go beyond their own self interests and inspire, encourage and stimulate others to exceed minimally expected standards.

Question 8

According to Arthur (2012) what are the 3 core components that make up an effective leader?

Answer 8

Vision - creating inspirational vision of future

Support - providing necessary support to achieve the vision

Challenge - providing challenge to achieve the vision

Question 9

Transformational leader behaviours - Arthur et al (2012) - inspirational motivation

Answer 9

Developing positive vision of future
Inspiring others to achieve that vision
Expressing belief in others that they can achieve vision

Question 10

Transformational leader behaviours - Arthur et al (2012) - appropriate role modelling

Answer 10

Behaviour by leader that sets example for others to follow (consistent with values that leader supports)

Question 11

Transformational behaviours - Arthur et al (2012) - fosters acceptance of goals

Answer 11

Behaviour aimed at promoting cooperation among followers

Developing team work

Question 12

Transformational leader behaviours - Arthur et al (2012) - individual consideration

Answer 12

Recognises individual differences

Demonstrates concern for follower development

Question 13

Transformational leader behaviours - Arthur et al (2012) - contingent reward

Answer 13

Positive reinforcement for appropriate follower behaviour

Question 14

Transformational leader behaviours - Arthur et al (2012) - intellectual stimulation

Answer 14

Creates an environment that nurtures creative and proactive innovative thinking

Question 15

Transformational leader behaviours - Arthur et al (2012) - high performance expectations

Answer 15

Behaviours by leader that demonstrate expectation for excellence in followers

Question 16

What is the leadership scale for sports?

Answer 16

Questionnaire - 40 items 
5 dimensions of leadership;
- training and instruction
- positive feedback 
- democratic behaviour 
- autocratic behaviour 
- social support

Question 17

LSS - what is training and instruction?

Answer 17

Improving the athletes performance by emphasising hard work, instruction of skills, techniques and tactics, clarify relationship among members.

Question 18

LSS - what is positive feedback?

Answer 18

Coaching behaviour reinforces an athlete by recognising and rewarding good performance.

Question 19

LSS - what is democratic behaviour?

Answer 19

Coaching behaviours allow greater participation of athletes in decisions pertaining to group goals, practice methods and game tactics.

Question 20

LSS - what is autocratic behaviour?

Answer 20

Coaching behaviours involve independent decision making and stresses personal authority.

Question 21

LSS - what is social support?

Answer 21

Characterised by a concern for the welfare of individual athletes, positive group atmosphere and warm interpersonal relationships with members.

Question 22

What can LSS be used to measure?

Answer 22

Athletes preferences for specific coach behaviours

Athletes perceptions for their coaches actual behaviours

Caches perceptions of their own behaviour

Question 23

What does research suggests male athletes prefer?

Answer 23

Coaches to be more autocratic yet more supportive than females

Question 24

How does research suggests athletes perception of male and female coaches differ?

Answer 24

Perceive female coaches to be more democratic and socially supportive than male coaches

Question 25

Dryer and fisher (1990) found leader behaviour and athlete satisfaction are associated with what?

Answer 25

Higher levels of positive feedback, training and instruction Lower levels of autocratic behaviour

Question 26

What is the relationship between leadership and team cohesion?

Answer 26

Caches perceived as high in training and instruction, Demi ratio behaviour, social support and positive feedback, and low in autocratic behaviour, had teams that were more cohesive.