Week 2: Chapter 2

Question 1

_______ effect: The belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behaviour than they really are

Answer 1

Spotlight

Question 2

Illusion of _________: The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others

Answer 2

transparency

Question 3

No topic in psychology currently is more heavily researched than the ____

Answer 3

Self

Question 4

Our sense of ______ organises our thoughts, feelings and actions

Answer 4

self

Question 5

___-_____: Beliefs about the self that organises and guides the processing of self-relevant information

Answer 5

Self-Schema

Question 6

The _______ cortex becomes more active the more you think about yourself.

Answer 6

Medial

Question 7

What brain area helps stitch together your sense of self?

Answer 7

The Medial Cortex

Question 8

The elements of your self-concept are your self-________

Answer 8

schema

Question 9

______ are mental templates by which we organise our world

Answer 9

Schemas

Question 10

_______ selves: images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future

Answer 10

possible

Question 11

As we enact a new role (university student etc) we initially feel self-_________

Answer 11

conscious

Question 12

______ ___________: Evaluating one’s abilities and opinions (status also) by comparing oneself with others

Answer 12

Social Comparison

Question 13

_________ self: Construing one’s identity in relation to others

Answer 13

interdependent

Question 14

Self-Concept is _________ (context specific ) rather than ________ (enduring across situations

Answer 14

malleable ; stable

Question 15

For those in ________ cultures, self-esteem is more personal and less relational

Answer 15

individualistic

Question 16

We are markably bad predictors of what will actually make us ______

Answer 16

happy

Question 17

_________ fallacy: The tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task

Answer 17

Planning

Question 18

Studies of affective forecasting reveal that people have greatest difficulty predicting the ______ and ______ of their future emotions

Answer 18

intensity; duration

Question 19

________ bias: Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events

Answer 19

Impact

Question 20

We are especially prone to impact bias after ______ events

Answer 20

negative

Question 21

________ neglect: The human tendency to underestimate the speed and the strength of the psychological immune system

Answer 21

immune

Question 22

Dual Attitudes: Differing _______ (automatic) and _________ (consciously controlled) attitudes towards the same object.

Answer 22

Implicit; Explicit

Question 23

Self-_______ : A person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth

Answer 23

Esteem

Question 24

_______ is best when it is true and specific

Answer 24

Feedback

Question 25

Although shared interests are healthy, _______ career goals may produce tension or jealousy

Answer 25

identical

Question 26

The reality of our own ________, motivates us to gain recognition from our work and values.

Answer 26

death

Question 27

High self-esteem becomes especially problematic if it crosses over into _______, or having an inflated sense of self.

Answer 27

narcissism

Question 28

Effortful ___-______ depletes our limited willpower reserves.

Answer 28

Self-control

Question 29

Self-__________: A sense that one is competent and effective.

Answer 29

Self-efficacy

Question 30

_______ of ________: The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance, powerful others or outside forces.

Answer 30

Locus of Control

Question 31

How much control we feel is related to how we explain _______

Answer 31

setbacks

Question 32

________ __________: The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events

Answer 32

learned helplessness

Question 33

____-______ _____: The tendency to perceive oneself favourably

Answer 33

self-serving bias

Question 34

People attribute their _________ to their ability, but they attribute _______ to external factors

Answer 34

Success; failure

Question 35

Situations that combine _____ and ______ are especially prone to the phenomenon of self-serving bias

Answer 35

skill; chance

Question 36

Self-serving _______: A form of self-serving bias; the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to other factors

Answer 36

attributions

Question 37

Illusory unrealistic optimism increases our v__________

Answer 37

vulnerability

Question 38

Defensive __________: The adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one's anxiety to motivate effective action.

Answer 38

Defensive pessimism

Question 39

_____ _________ effect: The tendency to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and one's undesirable or unsuccessful behaviours

Answer 39

False Consensus effect

Question 40

On matters of opinion, we find support for out positions by overestimating the extent to which others agree - a phenomenon known as _______ _________ effect

Answer 40

False Consensus effect

Question 41

Dawes suggests that the ______ _______ effect occurs because we generalise from a limited sample, which prominently includes ourselves.

Answer 41

False consensus effect

Question 42

False _________ effect: The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable behaviours with that of others

Answer 42

False uniqueness effect

Question 43

Self-serving ____ could be a by-product of how we process and remember information about ourselves

Answer 43

bias

Question 44

non depressed people usually exhibit ____-serving ____

Answer 44

self-serving bias

Question 45

Self-serving bias also inflates people's judgements of their groups, a phenomenon known as _____-________ bias

Answer 45

group serving bias

Question 46

Self - _____________: Protecting one's self-image with behaviours that create a handy excuse for later failure

Answer 46

handicapping

Question 47

Self-_____________ refers to our wanting to present a desired image both to an external audience and to an internal audience

Answer 47

Self-presentation

Question 48

Self-__________ : being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression

Answer 48

Self-monitoring

Question 49

We have evolved with a drive for ___________ (we are social animals)

Answer 49

protoconversation

Question 50

Is consciousness, experience, and memory involved in our sense of self?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

____-________ - total of a person's thoughts and feelings that defines the self as an object (what we know about ourselves)

Answer 51

Self-concept

Question 52

_______ _____ Self - acquire self in reflected appraisals of others

Answer 52

Looking Glass self

Question 53

George Mead state that the self emerges via _______ interaction

Answer 53

social

Question 54

________ ___________ : assume point of view of others & observe own behaviour from this perspective (George Mead)

Answer 54

symbolic interactionism

Question 55

Development of self-________ starts around 18 months

Answer 55

self-awareness

Question 56

______ - organised system of believes about some stimulus object

Answer 56

schema

Question 57

Self-_______ - beliefs about the self that organise and guide the processing of self-relevant information

Answer 57

self - schemas

Question 58

Self-_________ theory: we infer information doubt ourselves by observing our own behaviour (Bem)

Answer 58

self - perception theory

Question 59

_______________ effect - if there are no external causes for our behaviour, we assume we chose the behaviour because we enjoy it.

Answer 59

Overjustification effect

Question 60

______ __________ theory: learn about & evaluate ourselves in comparison to others

Answer 60

Social Comparison theory

Question 61

Self-Discrepancy theory highlights the differences between their actual self, their ______ self, and their ______ self.

Answer 61

ideal; ought;

Question 62

__________ identity - idiosyncratic aspects of self

Answer 62

personal

Question 63

________ identity – part of self-concept based on our group memberships.

Answer 63

Social

Question 64

______________: process via which individuals learn about the rules of behaviour in another culture

Answer 64

Acculturation

Question 65

Self-_________ feedback (“you tried hard’) results in greater success than self-esteem feedback (“you’re really smart”).

Answer 65

Self-efficacy

Question 66

Self-________ – a sense that one is competent and effective.

Answer 66

efficacy

Question 67

______ of _______ – extent to which outcomes are perceived to be internally controllable or externally controlled.

Answer 67

Locus; control

Question 68

Self-____________ : The development of self-discipline in one area of your life may cause self-control in other areas as well.

Answer 68

Self - determination

Question 69

Self-_______ __________: attribute positive outcomes internally and negative outcomes externally.

Answer 69

Self-serving attributions

Question 70

_________ __________: Adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action

Answer 70

Defensive pessimism

Question 71

_____ _________ effect: Tendency to overestimate the commonality of one’s opinions and one's undesirable or unsuccessful behaviours

Answer 71

False consensus

Question 72

________ __________ effect: Tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviours

Answer 72

False uniqueness

Question 73

____ - __________: being attuned to how one presents oneself in social situations & adjusting one’s performance to create the desired impression

Answer 73

Self-monitoring

Question 74

Excess ______ can increase dissatisfaction and regret

Answer 74

choice