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Social Psychology > Week 9 FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

Week 9 FINAL EXAM Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ - preconceived negative attitude towards a social group (outgrip) and its members

A

prejudice

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2
Q

___________ - negative behaviours towards people who are the object of prejudice

A

discrimination

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3
Q

_________ - shared and simplified image of a social group and its members

A

stereotype

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4
Q

________ - prejudice or discrimination against people based on their race or ethnicity

A

Racism

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5
Q

There has been a qualitative shift from ‘old-fashioned’ racism to ‘_______’ racism

A

modern

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6
Q

‘___-_________’ racism: blatant expression of negative stereotypes of others based on category membership

A

old-fashioned

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7
Q

_______ racism: simultaneously committed to equality and have negative affect towards outgrips

A

modern racism

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8
Q

How do you detect ‘modern racism’?

A

Implicit Association Test; Social Distance

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9
Q

_______ prejudice: conscious and controllable attitudes, usually measured via self-report

A

Explicit prejudice

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10
Q

________ prejudice: automatic, unintentionally activated by presence of attitude object

A

implicit prejudice

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11
Q

________ - prejudice or discrimination against people based on their sex

A

sexism

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12
Q

________- sexism - blatant, negative views about women or men

A

hostile sexism

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13
Q

__________ sexism - idealising women in traditional roles

A

benevolent sexism

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14
Q

Stereotype Content Model: two primary dimensions of stereotypes: _____ and _______

A

either Warm (housewife) or competent (business woman that is cold)

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15
Q

In the Stereotype Content Model, high status groups are seen as _________, while high competition groups are seen as lacking _________

A

Competent; warmth

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16
Q

_______ - prejudice or discrimination against people based on their age

A

ageism

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17
Q

________/disadvantage: prejudice may lead to deprivation of opportunities

A

deprivation

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18
Q

__________ _______: being aware of a negative stereotype associated with your group leads to performance

A

stereotype threat

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19
Q

Is evaluation apprehension associated with stereotype threat?

A

Yes, also lowered expectations

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20
Q

Consequences of stereotype threat:

  • decreased p________
  • ________ attributions of failure
  • _______ - increase quality of performance
  • self-__________
  • discount task or distance from group
A

performance; internal; reactance; handicapping

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21
Q

The __________ personality is a theory of social prejudice

A

authoritarian personality

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22
Q

______ __________ theory: motivated to protect existing social system > prejudice

A

system justification theory

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23
Q

_____ ________ theory: favour our in-group over outgroups

A

Social Identity theory

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24
Q

Motivation to avoid ________: conflict between prejudiced beliefs and personal egalitarian values

A

Motivation to avoid prejudice

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25
________ management theory: fear of death/mortality produces anxiety. We can derogate those who increase our anxiety by threatening our worldview
Terror management theory
26
__________ ____________ effect: see outgrip members as alike, in-group members as different
outgroup homogeneity effect
27
Is distinctiveness associated to stereotypes or sexism
stereotypes
28
_______ _________: perception of stronger associated between 2 variables than actually exists
illusory correlation
29
Stereotypes can be maintained by P_______, Ass________ and A_______ P_________, S_________ M___________; and S____-F________ P_________
Priming; Assimilation; Attributional processes; selective memory; self-fulfilling prophecy
30
________ __________: infer dispositional causes for stereotype congruent behaviours
Attributional processes
31
_________ hypothesis: direct contact between groups leads to reduced prejudice
Contact prejudice
32
Are common goals important in which theory?
Contact Hypothesis
33
Social norms favouring equality is important in which theory?
Contact hypothesis
34
______ _______: knowledge that other people in your in-group have friends in the outgroup
extended contact
35
_______ __________ : imagining positive contact with outgroup can improve intergroup relations
Imagined Contact
36
_________ contact reduces stereotypes more than ________ contact
direct contact; imagined contact
37
A preconceived negative attitude towards a social group and its members is known as __________
prejudice
38
Prejudice is an a________
ATTITIUDE
39
Attitude is made up of ABC: - A______ - B________ tendency - C______
affect; Behavioural tendency; Cognitions (beliefs)
40
The problem with __________ is that they are overgeneralised and/or just plain wrong
stereotypes
41
Discrimination is a negative _________
behaviour
42
Blatant prejudice is being replaced by ________ prejudice
subtle
43
_______ ______ _______ are good to understand or discover implicit racism
implicit association test
44
Automatic __________ involves primitive regions of the brain associated with fear
prejudice
45
Unequal status breeds ________
prejudice
46
Those high in _______ ________ _________ tend to view people in terms of hierarchies
social dominance orientation
47
___________ : believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups
ethnocentric
48
What two characteristics are present in the most highly prejudiced individuals?
Social Dominance Orientation; Authoritarion personality type
49
_______ ___________ orientation predicts sexism, nationalism, ethnic prejudice
social dominance orientation
50
________ _______ ________ theory suggests that prejudice arises when groups compete for scarce resources
Realistic group conflict theory
51
We are more prone to in-group bias when our group in ______ and _______ in status to the comparative outgroup
small; lower
52
Denying human attributes and emotions to outgrips members is known as ____________
infra humanisation
53
A psychological benefit of prejudice is a feeling of ___________
superiority
54
_________ represent cognitive efficiency
stereotypes
55
_____ _________ effect: perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another the are in-group members. Thus 'they are alike, we are diverse'
Out-group homogeneity effect
56
The (greater/lesser) our familiarity with a social group, the more we see its diversity
greater
57
_______ consciousness: a person's expectation of being victimised by prejudice or discrimination
Stigma consciousness
58
Positive behaviours by outgroup members is often ___________
dismissed
59
_____-_______ bias: explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviours; also attributing negative behaviours to their dispositions
group-serving bias
60
Cognitive illusory correlations can lead to __________
stereotypes
61
_____-_________ phenomenon: The tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what deserve, and deserve what they get.
Just-world phenomenon
62
________: Accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by thinking of them as 'exceptions to the rule'
subtyping
63
_________: Accomodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group
Subgrouping
64
Stereotype threat affects three areas of performance: - St_____ - S___-M________ - Sup________ unwanted thoughts and emotions
Stress; Self-monitoring; Suppressing unwanted thoughts and emotions
65
Discrimination is the ___________ component of prejudice
behavioural
66
Stereotypes are the ___________ component of prejudice
cognitive
67
Discriminatory behaviour often has its source in prejudicial _________
attitudes
68
Prejudiced and stereotypic evaluations can occur outside people's __________
awareness
69
M________ P__________ even appears as a sensitivity that leads to exaggerated reactions to isolated members of an ethnic minority
Modern Prejudice
70
How to measure racism? - s___-r_____ scales - S_____ D______ - Unob______ measures - Lan_______/Dis_______ - Implicit Association Test
Self-Report scales; social distance; Unobtrusive measures; Language/Discourse
71
Automatic prejudice involves more ________ areas of the brain, like the amygdala
primitive
72
S_________ C_______ model: dimensions or warmth and competence reflect socio-structural variables of status and competition
Stereotype Content Model
73
One effect of prejudice is deprivation of o__________
opportunities (like getting a job, or renting a house)
74
Prejudice can result in vi______ and gen______
violence and genocide
75
Prejudice can lead to deh__________
dehumanisation
76
Prejudice can lead to individuals internalising the negative attitude and thus have lower ___-______
self-esteem
77
Prejudice can lead to self-_______ __________
self-fulfilling prophecy
78
Prejudice can lead to s_________ t________
stereotype threat
79
What are the causes of stereotype threat? - E________ A________ of non dominant responses - Lowered e_________
Evaluation apprehension; Lowered expectations
80
Providing role models can reduce s_______ t_______
stereotype threat
81
Authoritarian personality types tend to be: - pr_______ - hold con__________ political views - rigid thin_____ - Concerned with status, p______ and dominance
prejudice; conservative; thinking
82
Those high in s________ d________ o_________ tend to view people in terms of hierarchies
social dominance orientation
83
Motivational sources of prejudice? - S_____ I______ T______ - Prejudice a_______ - Te______ Ma________ theory
Social Identity Theory; Prejudice Avoidance; Terror Management Theory
84
What is realistic group conflict theory?
Prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources
85
_______ sources of prejudice | - categorisation leads to accentuation of similarities within groups and differences between groups
cognitive
86
According to cognitive theory, s_______ represent cognitive efficiency
stereotypes
87
___-____ bias: the tendency for people to more accurately recognise faces of their own race
Own-Race Bias
88
S_______ C__________: how much we expect others to stereotype us
Stigma Consciousness
89
Ca______ is crucial to stereotype creation
Categorisation
90
O_______ homo_______ effect; We all see the members of our group as distinct and unique but from the outgroup they are all the same
Outgroup Homogeneity effect
91
The more ________ a stimuli is, the more we cognitively attend to it. (A black person in a group of white people)
distinctive
92
Co-occurrence of 2 distinctive events ( a black man and a nearby robbery) is attention grabbing and presumes an i________ C_________
illusionary correlation
93
S_______ bias attention, encoding, and recall of information
Stereotypes
94
Distinctive and accessible categories are most easily pr_______
primed
95
We infer (via cognitive att______ pr_______) that dispositional causes for stereotype behaviour is congruent with a behaviour
attributional processes
96
E____-S_____ contact: to reduce prejudice, both groups need to be treated as of equal status
Equal Status contact
97
Conditions for contact to work: - E_____ - S______ between both groups - Intergroup coo________ - S_____ N_____ that favour equality - sustained cl____ co_____
Equal status; cooperation; social norms; close contact
98
Contact that brings per_______ sim______ among groups helps with reducing prejudice
perceived similarity
99
Ex______ Co_______: knowledge that other people in your in-group have friends in the outgroup. This makes you more comfortable with a potential relationship with outgroup members
Extended contact

Social Psychology (13 decks)

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