Week 2 Immunity

Question 1

TLR1

Answer 1

CD281 detects triacyl lipoprotein from gm+ bacteria

Question 2

TLR2

Answer 2

CD282 detects triacyl lipoprotein from gm+ bacteria

Question 3

TLR3

Answer 3

Detects dsRNA and viruses. Does not go through MyD88.

Question 4

TLR4

Answer 4

Detects LPS Gm- bacteria Cd284

Question 5

TLR5

Answer 5

Detects flagellin protein

Question 6

TLR6

Answer 6

bacterial lipoproteins

Question 7

TLR7

Answer 7

ssRNA in endosomes

Question 8

TLR8

Answer 8

oligonucleotides

Question 9

TLR9

Answer 9

CPG DNA- bacterial and viral genome synthesis products

Question 10

TLR10

Answer 10

CD290, unknown function

Question 11

NFkB

Answer 11

Expression of pro-inflammatory genes
•Production of prostaglandins and other leukotrienes
•Production of interleukins and other cytokines
Other immune process helping functions

Question 12

Formation of HOCl form H2O2

Answer 12

Uses the Fe containing enzyem myeloperoxidase mostly in neutrophils.

Question 13

Chronic Granulomatous disease

Answer 13

Phagocytes have genetic defects in “NADPH oxidase” and most infections in these patients are catalase positive because they can break down the H2O2 produced by our cells.

Question 14

MHC class I

Answer 14

Are recognized by CD8+ killer T cells. Display internal proteins which may help to display viral infection.

Question 15

MHC Class II

Answer 15

Recognized by CD4+ helper T cells. Display antigen of phagocytosed products on the cell surface of Monocytes, dendritic cells, b cells.

Question 16

Th1

Answer 16

Type 1 Ht cell. recognizes antigen and makes a lymphokine to attract macrophages to clean up antigen/ infection.

Question 17

Th17

Answer 17

main role is focused on inflammation, are more powerful than Th1. Problems with these leads to autoimmunity.

Question 18

Th2

Answer 18

Stimulate macrophages to become able to wall off pathogens and promote healing. Important in parasite immunity.

Question 19

Tfh

Answer 19

Follicular helper T cells. Stimulated by antigen, migrate from T cell areasof lymph nodes into the B cell follicles where they help in B cell activation and making antibody subclasses.

Question 20

Treg

Answer 20

make cytokines that suppress the activation and fx. of Th1, Th17, an Th2 cells to keep immune system in check.

Question 21

CTL

Answer 21

Cytotoxic or killer T cells. Destroy any body cell they identify as having a foriegn or abnormal antigen on its surface.

Question 22

CD4

Answer 22

Present on Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg which increases their affinity for antigen to help them get activated.

Question 23

CD8

Answer 23

Present on Ctyotoxic T cells, helps to Bind MHC class 1.

Question 24

IgG

Answer 24

two adjacent molecules can lead to complement activation, can attract phagocytic cells.Only antibody which can cross placenta.

Question 25

IgM

Answer 25

Pentameric Ig, activates complement, first antibody to appear in blood after infection, then turns to IgG

Question 26

IgD

Answer 26

main form of antibody inserted into B cell membranes as their antigen receptor.

Question 27

IgA

Answer 27

Antibody in fluids and mucous membranes. Has secretory component to make it resistant to degredative enyzmes. First line defense. has two of them together.

Question 28

IgE

Answer 28

Associated with Mast cells. Causes mast cell release of histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, producing symptoms of allergy. Real role is resistance to parasites.

Question 29

Antibody Concentration in blood high to low

Answer 29

GAMDE

Question 30

Type I hypersensitivity

Answer 30

Too much IgE causing mast cell degranulation. Can be asthma, allergic reaction to bee sting, allergic reaction.

Question 31

Type II hypersensitivity

Answer 31

Autoimmunity due to antibodies which can react against self. Ex. hemolytic disease of newborn, myasthenia gravis.

Question 32

Type III hypersensitivity

Answer 32

Occur when make antibody against soluble antigen. Commonly leads to arthritis, glomerulonephritis, pleurisy, rash. Also see serum sickness.

Question 33

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Answer 33

Cell mediated hypersensitivty caused by CD4+ cells, can be autoimmune or bystander injury. Ex. reation with nickel, tuberculin reaction, chron's disease.

Question 34

Cathelicidin LL37

Answer 34

alpha helical peptides which are bactericidal.

Question 35

Defensins

Answer 35

Beta strand peptides connected by disulfide bonds. look like a fence. There are 2 classes. They all lead to excretion out of the cells and into membranes or viral envelopes dimerize and lead to holes in the membranes.

Question 36

Cell response to TLR signaling

Answer 36

Activation of NF-kB and expression of pro-inflammatory genes.

Question 37

INF gamma

Answer 37

leads to the activation of phagocytic cells and NK cells.

Question 38

TNF alpha

Answer 38

produced by macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytes. Leads to induce fever, apoptotic cell death, cachexia, inflammation

Question 39

Antibody typing

Answer 39

dependant on what the heavy chain is. Can be GAMED, but still reacts with the same things.

Question 40

Light chain

Answer 40

contains the FAB region for antigen/ epitope recognition. Can either be a kappa or lambda type. One cell always produces the same light chain.

Question 41

Antibody Isotype

Answer 41

Slight differences in the amino acid secuences of their H chain C regions, the 5 main classes of immunoglobulins.

Question 42

IgG isotypes

Answer 42

IgG1 IgG2 IgG3 IgG4

Question 43

IgA Isotypes

Answer 43

IgA1, IgA2

Question 44

IgM Isotypes

Answer 44

IgM1, Igm2

Question 45

IgD Isotypes

Answer 45

Igd

Question 46

IgE Isotypes

Answer 46

IgE

Question 47

RAG recombinases

Answer 47

are the enzymes which do the recombination of antibody and T cell receptor DNA.