Week 2 - Motivation and Goal Setting Flashcards
(26 cards)
Define motivation.
Explains the direction, persistence, and intenisty of goal-directed behaviour.
Desired goal states and what makes them attractive are the explanatory variables and are what characterise motivation.
What are the 4 implicit motives?
- achievement motive
- affiliation motive
- power motive
- self-determination and autonomy motive
Define achievement motive.
The need to increase or maintain one’s own proficiency in an activity in which a personal standard of excellence is considered as binding
Define affiliation motive.
The need to establish, maintain or restore positive social relationships with others
Define power motive
The need to exert physical, psychological or emotional influence over others
Define self-determination and autonomy motive
A person’s enduring and cross-contextual preference to feel self-determined and independent of the influence of others or to experience oneself as the cause of one’s own action
Review Motivation in SDT diagram and Achievement Motivation diagram!!
What are the 2 achievement motives?
- Success - hope for success
- confidence to master task
- tendency to seek tasks that reflect realistic measure of performance - failure - fear of failure
- fear to lose/fail
- tendency to avoid tasks that reflect realistic measure of performance
Review Achievement Motivation graphs.
Why do athletes choose different tasks/goals?
- they are motivated to succeed and/to avoid failure to different extends
What type of achievement goals did Nicholls 1984 have?
- performance goals
- task oriented goals
What type of achievement goals did Elliot and Dweck 1988 have?
- performance goals
- learning goals
What type of achievement goals did Duda 1987, Maehr and Nicholls 1980 have?
- Ego-involvement goals
- task-involvement goals
What type of achievement goals did Ames and Arch 1988 and Dweck 1986 have?
- performance goals
- mastery goals
Review achievement goal theory graph!!
on WK 2 slide 12
What are the 4 approach vs avoidance goals? Review diagram on slide 13
- mastery approach goal
- mastery avoidance goal
- performance approach goal
- performance avoidance goal
Define mastery approach goal.
“I would like to take part in the community run to improve my PB time”
Define mastery avoidance goal.
“I want to participate in the fun/community run to avoid running slower than my PB”
Define performance approach goal
“I want to take part in the race to win and beat my competitor”
Define performance avoidance goals
“I will take part in the race and don’t want to lose against my competitor”
Review the effects of approach and avoidance goals!!
Slide 14 Wk2
What are the structural characteristics of goals?
- direction of goals (approach vs avoidance goals)
- degree of agreement with underlying motives (motive congruence)
- degree of self-determination
- level of abstraction (specificity of goals)
- type of success criterion (ego vs task)
How should we set goals?
Principles:
- SMART
- goal type (outcome vs performance vs process goals)
- goal proximity (short vs long term)
Criticism:
- static approach for complex and dynamic process
- principles may be difficult to apply in youth and team sport
What goals should be set?
- set measurable goals
- focus on process goals (most controllable)
- set both training and competition goals (helps motivation/preparation)
- set challenging goals for practice, realistic goals for competition
- be specific!
- set positive goals (what to achieve, not what to avoid)
- short term or combination short and long term goals
- rank goals according to priority (allow better focus on goals)
What are partial goals?
Setting smaller achievable short-term goals to help achieve the overarching big/long-term goal
