Week 3

Question 1

The “Command Centre” refers to which classification?

Answer 1

CNS

Question 2

The “The Messenger”” refers to which classification?

Answer 2

PNS

Question 3

_____________ transmit incoming messages toward the
cell body

Answer 3

Dendrites

Question 4

_____________ transmits nerve
impulses away from the
cell body to other cells

Answer 4

Axons

Question 5

_______________ are situated between sensory and motor neurons.

Answer 5

Interneurons

Question 6

Interneurons are also known as _________

Answer 6

Association Neurons

Question 7

The neuron transmits
the signal as an
impulse called
an ___________________.

Answer 7

Action potential

Question 8

“The domino effect” = ______________________

Answer 8

sodium channels opening down the axon

Question 9

What are glia?

Answer 9

Supporting cells of the nervous system

Question 10

Oligodendrocytes function?

Answer 10

Myelinate neurons in CNS

Question 11

Function of astrocytes?

Answer 11

Involved in BBB (Blood brain barrier) found in CNS

Question 12

Function of ependymal cells?

Answer 12

In CNS, produce the CSF (Cerebral spinal fluid)

Question 13

Function of microglia?

Answer 13

In CNS, phagocytose debris and play an immune role

Question 14

Function of Schwann cells?

Answer 14

Create myelin in PNS

Question 15

Function of Satellite cells?

Answer 15

Protect and myelinate neurons in PNS

Question 16

Ganglia is cell body in the ________ system

Answer 16

Peripheral nervous

Question 17

________________ is the rapid method by which nerve impulses move down a myelinated axon with excitation occurring only at nodes of Ranvier

Answer 17

Saltatory conduction

Question 18

An action potential occurs when the membrane depolarizes to a certain threshold, if this threshold is not reached the action potential will not be triggered. This is referred to as the ___________________________________?

Answer 18

all-or-nothing principle

Question 19

List (4) Examples of Excitatory Neurotransmitters:

Answer 19

• Acetylcholine (Ach)
• Norepinephrine (NE)
• Epinephrine (E)
• Dopamine (DA)

Question 20

Initial ionic conditions are restored using the
_____________________________________

Answer 20

sodium-potassium pump

Question 21

Ach is the neurotransmitter of the
___________nervous system

Answer 21

Somatic

Question 22

Inhibitory neurotransmitters examples (2):

Answer 22

GABA, serotonin

Question 23

What are two important functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 23

• Connects the PNS to the brain
• Simple reflex centre

Question 24

Two major divisions of the Peripheral nervous system

Answer 24

Autonomic and somatic

Question 25

These are functions you manage by thinking about them. This describes which subsystem?

Answer 25

Somatic

Question 26

These are nervous system processes your brain runs automatically and without you thinking about them. This describes which subsystem?

Answer 26

Autonomic

Question 27

There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 27

31

Question 28

The spine has (3) has meningeal coverings which are ____________________________?

Answer 28

▪ Dura mater ▪ Arachnoid mater ▪ Pia Mater

Question 29

____________________ receive information from sensory neurons (afferent pathway) and house interneuron in gray matter

Answer 29

Dorsal (Posterior) Horns (dorsal root ganglion)

Question 30

______________ house cell bodies of motor neurons and sends information out ventral root (efferent pathway) in gray matter

Answer 30

Ventral (Anterior) Horns

Question 31

___________ are nerves exiting the spine coming together into a network

Answer 31

Plexus

Question 32

What plexus controls the arm and shoulder?

Answer 32

Brachial Plexus

Question 33

What plexus controls the neck and phrenic nerve?

Answer 33

Cervical Plexus

Question 34

What plexus controls the anterior / medial thigh?

Answer 34

Lumbar Plexus

Question 35

What plexus controls the buttocks, perineum, back of thigh, and lower leg?

Answer 35

Sacral Plexus

Question 36

What are the (4) plexuses?

Answer 36

1. Cervical 2. Brachial 3. Lumbar 4. Sacral

Question 37

The descending tracks are mainly _________, and the ascending tracks are __________?

Answer 37

Motor, sensory

Question 38

Which Spinal Pathway is the following? lateral, Descending, and Skilled, motor to extremities

Answer 38

Corticospinal tract

Question 39

Which Spinal Pathway is the following? Posterior, Ascending, and Touch, vibration sense, proprioception?

Answer 39

Posterior column

Question 40

Which Spinal Pathway is the following? Anterior, Ascending, and Touch, pressure?

Answer 40

Anterior spinothalamic tract

Question 41

Which Spinal Pathway is the following? Anterior-lateral, Ascending, and Pain, temperature

Answer 41

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 42

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

Answer 42

- Olfactory (CN I) - Optic (CN II) - Oculomotor (CN III) - Trochlear (CN IV) - Trigeminal (CN V) - Abducens (CN VI) - Facial (CN VII) - Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) - Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) - Vagus (CN X) - Accessory (CN XI) - Hypoglossal (CN XII)

Question 43

The Olfactory (CN I) to supply nerves to:

Answer 43

smell

Question 44

The Optic (CN II) to supply nerves to:

Answer 44

vision

Question 45

The Oculomotor (CN III) to supply nerves to:

Answer 45

4/6 eye muscles / lens / pupil

Question 46

The Trochlear (CN IV) to supply nerves to:

Answer 46

superior oblique eye muscle

Question 47

The Trigeminal (CN V) to supply nerves to:

Answer 47

sensory from face / motor to chewing muscles

Question 48

The Abducens (CN VI) to supply nerves to:

Answer 48

lateral rectus eye muscle

Question 49

The Facial (CN VII) to supply nerves to:

Answer 49

motor to all face muscles (expression) except chewing / some taste / sensory from ear

Question 50

The Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) to supply nerves to:

Answer 50

hearing and equilibrium

Question 51

The Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) to supply nerves to:

Answer 51

taste / sensory pharynx / some muscles in swallowing

Question 52

The Vagus (CN X) to supply nerves to:

Answer 52

sensory, motor and autonomic glands, digestion, heart rate

Question 53

The Accessory (CN XI) to supply nerves to:

Answer 53

muscles in head movement

Question 54

The Hypoglossal (CN XII) to supply nerves to:

Answer 54

muscles of tongue

Question 55

________________ are areas of skin that connect to a specific nerve root on your spine

Answer 55

Dermatomes