Week 6

Question 1

The Endocrine System is made up of _________ that produce and secrete _______________?

Answer 1

1. glands
2. hormones

Question 2

Is the endocrine system a fast-controlling or slow-controlling system?

Answer 2

Slow controlling

Question 3

Hormones control several
major processes such as (5):

Answer 3

▪ Reproduction
▪ Growth and development
▪ Mobilization of body defenses (immune system)
▪ Regulation of metabolism
▪ Maintenance of much of homeostasis

Question 4

Where are hormones secreted?

Answer 4

In the blood

Question 5

What is the second controlling system of the body?

Answer 5

Endocrine system

Question 6

Are amino acid-based hormones hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 6

hydrophilic

Question 7

Smallest to largest amino acid-based hormones?

Answer 7

• Amines
• peptides
• Proteins

Question 8

Most hormones are amino acid based, true or false?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Are steroid hormones hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 9

Hydrophobic

Question 9

Steroid hormones are hydrophobic: All secrete from adrenal cortex:

• glucocorticoids (cortisol, involved in blood sugar)
• mineralocorticoid (aldosterone)
  minerals
  1. sodium
  2. potassium
• sex hormones, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone

Question 10

Hormones

Question 10

Proteins are a huge workhorse in the cell

Question 10

DNA to mRNA to protein. DNA must be activated to coat for a specific protein. Enzyme = faster reaction

Question 11

What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?

Answer 11

The second-messenger molecule

Question 12

Humoral stimulus is everything in the blood except _________ triggering hormone release

Answer 12

Hormones

Question 13

“t” in t-cells means?

Answer 13

Thymus

Question 14

Hypothalamus is right above the pituitary gland

Question 15

Pineal gland is behind the 3rd ventricle of our brain

Question 16

Anterior pituitary is an _________ gland and is mainly under hormonal control

Question 17

Releasing (R)
Inhibiting (I)

for hypothalamic hormones

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH)

Growth hormone (GH)
- bone and muscle growth

Question 18

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is released by posterior pituitary

Question 19

“tropic” hormone leads to the release of a different hormone

Question 20

Thyrotropic hormone, also called __________________________?

Answer 20

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 21

FSH - development
LH - Ovulation in females, testosterone in males

Question 22

Which (2) hormones affect non-endocrine targets?

Answer 22

- Growth hormone (GH) - Prolactin

Question 23

What (4) hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones (tropic hormones)?

Answer 23

1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropic hormone) (TSH) 2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 24

Adrenal cortex is the only place that secretes steroid hormones

Question 25

Oxytocin and ADH is made in hypothalamus and store in _______________________?

Answer 25

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 26

Why is ADH also called vasopressin?

Answer 26

Causes vasoconstriction of arterioles → increased BP

Question 28

Thyroid hormone speeds up all metabolism reactions

Question 29

Most thyroid hormones in the body are in T4 composition, true or false?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Thyroid hormone is a hormone that is able to bind to and influence the action to all of the cells in our body

Question 31

______________ release is stimulated by rising calcium levels in the blood

Answer 31

Calcitonin

Question 32

What type of stimuli controls the release of calcitonin?

Answer 32

Humoral stimulus

Question 33

Adrenal cortex has how many layers?

Answer 33

3

Question 34

Aldosterone is stimulated by (2) stimuli, true or false?

Answer 34

True, humoral stimulation and hormonal stimulation

Question 35

The sex hormones are found at both sites (gonads and adrenal cortex), true or false?

Answer 35

True