Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych 1010 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is prosopagnosia

A

Cognitive disorder of face
perception
* Difficulty perceiving/recognizing
faces
* Face blindness
* Intact vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is sensation

A

Detection of physical energy by the sense organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is perception

A

The brain”s interpretation of raw sensory data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensory receptors

A

specialized neurons that
respond to different
types of stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is photoreception

A

Light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is mechanoreception

A

pressure, vibration, movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is chemoreception

A

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is transduction

A

Conversion of one energy form into another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is bottom-up

A

perception based on
building simple input into more complex perceptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is top-down

A

a perceptual process in
which memory and other cognitive
processes are required for interpreting incoming sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens during sensory adaptation

A

Sensory receptor cells become less responsive to a stimulus that is
unchanging, becomes less noticeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is psychophysics

A

Measurement of sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the absolute threshold

A

Minimum intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect half the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is subliminal perception

A

Perception of stimuli
that are presented at
below absolute
threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the JND

A

The degree of difference that must exist between two stimuli before the difference is detected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Weber’s Law

A

JND between 2 stimuli is not an
absolute amount, but an amount relative to the
intensity of the first stimulus.

  • The more intense the initial stimulus, the larger the
    difference needs to be
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is selective attention

A

Focusing on a specific aspect of sensory input while ignoring other
stimuli in the environment

  • Attention as bottleneck
  • The other channels are still being
    processed at some level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is inattentional blindness

A
  • Failure to detect an
    unexpected stimulus in
    plain sight
  • Limited attentional
    resources, focus on
    what we deem
    important
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is change blindness

A
  • Failure to detect changes in
    your environment
  • Limited resources further
    constrained by…
  • Age
  • Distraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is vision

A

starts with light, the physical energy that stimulates the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is transduction (vision)

A

photoreceptors (rods & cones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The iris

A

muscle ring that controls
pupil size
* Controls amount of light
entering eye (via the pupil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cornea & lens :

Study These Flashcards
A

Light enters through cornea, passes through pupil, and hits lens

  • Lens: Focuses light rays into image on eyeball’s retina
24
Q

Retina

Study These Flashcards
A

light-sensitive back
inner surface of eye – nerve
cells here!
* Contains rods & cones

25
What is the optic nerve
carries neural impulses from eye to brain Blind spot: point where optic nerve leaves the eye, no receptor cells
26
Which part of the eye constricts with disgust when youre about to say no
the iris
27
What are rods & cones
Retinal receptors Rods (100-125 mil): detect black, white, and gray and are sensitive to movement * Peripheral & twilight vision * Low light situations * Located in periphery Cones (5-6 mil): sharp focus, colour perception, detail * Work well in daylight * Cluster around fovea
28
What are feature detectors
cells in visual cortex that respond and are sensitive to specific features of env’t * Some cells respond to lines in specific orientations * Simple cells – lines, angles * Some cells respond to particular shapes (e.g., bulls-eyes, spirals, faces)
29
What is the trichromatic theory
retina contains red, green & blue receptors – when stimulated, these receptors can produce perception of any colour * Consistent with three types of cones in eyes * Explains colour blindness BUT not afterimages
30
What is opponent process theory
we perceive colours in terms of three pairs of opponent colours: red or green, blue or yellow, and black or white
31
Which theories does colour processing combine
the trichromatic theory and the opponent processing theory
32
What can blindness result in ?
Blindness can result in reorganization of other sensory cortices and changes in other senses (i.e., compensation) * Echolocation might improve following blindness
33
What is visual agnosia
object recognition deficit: damage to higher visual cortical areas
34
What is blindsight
above-chance visual performance of cortically blind individuals with damage to area V1
35
What is perceptual organization
We don’t passively respond to visual stimuli that fall on the retina, we actively try to organize and make sense of what we see
36
What is gestalt principles
Principles that determine how we organize infromation into meaningful wholes
37
What is perceptual constancy
The recognition that objects are constant and unchanging even though sensory input about them is changing
38
What is colour constancy
The ability to perceive an object as having relatively the same colour under varying illumination conditions
39
What is monocular depth
Relies on one eye * Relative size * Texture gradient * Overlap * Shading * Height in field of view * Linear perspective
40
What are binocular depth cues
Requires both eyes.. Convergence and disparity
41
How does culture shape visual attention
East Asians & European/North Americans process visual information differently! * Eastern à holistically (context & relationships) * Western à analytically (salient objects)
42
What is sound
is movement of air molecules brought about by vibration of an object
43
What is the outer ear (pinna )
Reverse megaphone – funnels sound in toward eardrum
44
What is the eardrum (Tympanic membrane)
* Part of the ear that vibrates when sound waves make contact * Transmits vibrations to middle ear
45
What is the middle ear
Tiny chamber containing 3 tiny bones (stirrup, anvil, hammer) that act as mechanical amplifier
46
What is the cochlea
* Coiled tube in ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound
47
What are hair cells
* Tiny cells that are bent by vibrations – transmit neural message (transduction happens here!
48
What is basilar membrane
Runs through center of cochlea – divided into two chambers, covered with hair cells
49
What is conductive deafness
Malfunctioning of the ear especially a failure of eardrum or ossicles
50
What causes nerve deafness
Due to damage to auditory nerve
51
Nerve induced hearing loss
Damage hair cells due to repeated loud noises
52
What is bottom up processing
Begins with sensory receptors We sense basic features of stimuli and integrate them
53
What is top down processing
* Guided by higher-level mental processes * Previous experience and expectations are used to interpret what senses detect
54
What are perceptual sets
Predisposition or readiness to perceive something in a particular way (top down influence)
55
What is Synesthesia
Stimulation of on sense evokes another, Sounds with colour, colours with taste

Psych 1010 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions