week 4 Flashcards
exam revision (17 cards)
What is the cognitive approach?
An alternative approach emphasizing that individuals’ perceptions about the causes of events determine their feelings, expectations, and motivation towards similar events in the future.
What is motivation?
The intensity and direction of one’s effort.
What does direction of effort refer to?
Whether an individual seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to situations.
What does intensity of effort refer to?
How much effort an individual puts forth in a situation.
What is the interactional view of motivation?
Motivation results from an interaction between the individual and their circumstances.
What did Sorrentino & Sheppard (1978) study?
They studied swimmers to assess how affiliation motivation influenced performance in solo versus relay events.
What is attribution theory?
The study of people’s explanations for the causes of events or behavior in their lives.
What are attributions?
Explanations for the causes of events and behaviors.
How do attributions influence individuals?
They can influence self-confidence, self-esteem, mood, and subsequent behaviors.
What is the locus of causality?
It refers to whether success or failure is attributed to internal or external factors.
What are the ramifications of success attributed to internal factors?
Pride and self-satisfaction.
What are the ramifications of failure attributed to internal factors?
Shame and guilt.
What is the self-serving bias?
The tendency to credit success to oneself and blame failure on external factors.
What is learned helplessness?
An acquired sense that an individual can no longer control their environment, leading to giving up without trying.
What are signs of self-handicapping?
Missing practice, reducing effort, poor behavior, and creating false handicaps.
What are guidelines for building motivation?
Consider situations and traits, understand multiple motives, change environments, influence motivation, and use behavior modification.
What is the conclusion regarding attribution in sports?
Attributing success internally increases confidence, while attributing failure internally can motivate improvement if viewed as unstable.
