week 6 Flashcards
exam revision (18 cards)
What is arousal in sport psychology?
A blend of physiological and psychological activity in a person, referring to the intensity of dimensions of motivation at a particular moment.
(Weinberg & Gould, 2015, p. 76)
What are the signs of arousal?
Signs include increased heart rate, red/flushed face, continuous moving/shifting, increased respiration, increased perspiration, impaired motor skills, butterflies, and narrowed attention.
How is anxiety defined in sport psychology?
A negative emotional state characterized by nervousness, worry, and apprehension associated with activation or arousal of the body.
(Weinberg & Gould, 2015, p. 76)
What are the components of anxiety?
Anxiety consists of state anxiety (situation-specific response) and trait anxiety (stable predisposition to feel anxiety).
What is the example used to illustrate anxiety in football?
Two footballers with equal physical skills under identical pressure to score a winning penalty and end the game.
What are the signs of anxiety?
Signs include increased heart rate, sleep deprivation, increased respiration, rapid and shallow breathing, increased perspiration, impaired motor skills, butterflies, narrowed attention, panic, fear, and uneasiness.
How can arousal and anxiety be measured?
Through physiological measures (e.g., changes in heart rate), biomechanical measures (e.g., changes in hormonal levels), psychometric tools (e.g., Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2), and subjective measures (e.g., rating anxiety/arousal on a numerical scale).
What is the drive theory in relation to arousal and performance?
The relationship between arousal and performance is positive and linear; as arousal increases, so does performance, particularly in power and speed sports.
What does the inverted U-hypothesis suggest?
The relationship between arousal and performance is curvilinear, with optimal performance occurring at intermediate levels of arousal.
What are the criticisms of the inverted U-hypothesis?
Criticisms include conceptual and methodological issues, such as using arousal and anxiety interchangeably, and the possibility of a sharper drop in performance after optimal arousal.
What is the multidimensional models of anxiety?
These models suggest cognitive state anxiety negatively relates to performance, while somatic state anxiety relates to performance in an inverted-U manner.
What is the individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF)?
Top athletes have a zone of optimal state anxiety for best performance, which varies individually and is not a single point but a range.
What does reversal theory state?
The effect of arousal on performance depends on an individual’s interpretation of their arousal level.
What are anxiety intensity and direction?
Intensity refers to how much anxiety is experienced, while direction indicates whether it facilitates or inhibits performance.
How does self-confidence affect anxiety and sport performance?
Self-confidence and sport self-efficacy moderate the relationship between competitive anxiety and sport performance, helping athletes manage anxiety and improve performance.
What are some coping strategies for managing anxiety?
Develop confidence, change perceptions of anxiety, create pre-performance routines, and tailor coaching to individual participants.
What are the implications for performance regarding arousal and anxiety?
Identify optimal combinations of arousal and emotions, recognize personal and situational influences, and be aware of signs of detrimental arousal and anxiety.
What is the conclusion regarding arousal and anxiety?
Arousal and anxiety are closely related but distinct constructs; understanding individual interpretations can improve performance.
