WEEK 6 (Chapter 7 & 8)

Question 1

Objectives

Answer 1

Discuss fine and gross motor skills as they develop across the life span.

Identify key developmental milestones of the preschool aged child (early childhood).

Question 2

What benefits are often seen in children who participate in make believe play?

Answer 2

Language, logical reasoning, emotions

Question 3

__________ is the failure to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of others from one’s own.

Answer 3

Egocentrism

Question 4

________ and ________ improves as the child becomes older

Answer 4

Attention, planning

Question 5

in early chinldhood, _________ development. make believe play becomes more complex (preoperational stage described by Piaget’s theory)

Answer 5

cognitive

Question 6

_______ refers to the idea that certain physical charateristics of objects remain the same, evenwhen their outward appearance changes.

Answer 6

conservation

Question 7

_______ the focuse on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features.

Answer 7

centration

Question 8

Pre-schoolers recall poorly due to lack of ________ strategies

Answer 8

memory

Question 9

________ are deliberate mantal activities that improve our chances of remembering

Answer 9

memory strategies

Question 10

preschoolers do not yet ________, or repeat items over and over to remember, nor do they _________

Answer 10

rehearse, organize

Question 11

__________ is the acknowledgment and appreciation for inner mental worlds and the influence of self and other’s behaviors

Answer 11

metacognition

Question 12

early childhood physical development includes what changes?

Answer 12

slowed growth; body fat declines; skeletal growth; loss of primary teeth around the end of early childhood

Question 13

the left cerebral hemisphere of the brain displays marked maturation during early childhood. What are the benefits of this?

Answer 13

verbal and linguistic skill development.

Question 14

in early childhood what is occuring during motor development?

Answer 14

balance improves (due to center of gravity shifting to the trunk), they have increased control of hand and fingers (fine-motor skills improve), scribbles become pictures ( by age 3) and drawing increase in complexity.

Question 15

a 3yr. old will typically display ________ with use of the opposite hand for specific activities

Answer 15

handedness

Question 16

as a result of becoming less top heavy”, what are some examples of gross-moror skills that are developed in early childhood?

Answer 16

running, jumping, hopping, galloping, skipping

Question 17

as children become steadier on thier feet (early childhood yrs) what are some examples of new skills they will be able to experience?

Answer 17

throwing and catching a balls, steering tricycle, and swinging on horizontal bars and rings.

Question 18

what are some changes in fine-motor skills that are seen in early childhood?

Answer 18

skribbling becomes pictures (representational) and drawings become more realistic.

Question 19

_________ is the set of attributes, abilities, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is.

Answer 19

self- concept

Question 20

________ is the judgment we make about our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgments.

Answer 20

self-esteem

Question 21

what promotes to much guilt in early childhood?

Answer 21

criticism, feeling threatened, excessive punishment, not being supported in learning through independence

Question 22

________ is the strategies for adjusting our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity so we can accomplish our goals, and is developed in early child hood

Answer 22

emotional self-regulation

Question 23

_________ is emotions involving injury to or enhancement of the sense of self, such a guilt, shame, embarrassment, envy, and pride. This is developed in early childhood.

Answer 23

self-conscious emotion

Question 24

______ is the ability to understand another’s emotional state and to feel with thatperson, or respond emotionally in a similar way. This is developed in early childhood.

Answer 24

empathy

Question 25

at what age group does this cognitive attainment occur? shows a dramatic increase in representational activitiy, as reflected in the development of language, make-believe play, inderstanding of dual representation, and categorization

Answer 25

2-4 yrs

Question 26

at what age group does this cognitive attainment occur? | takes te prespective of others in simplified, familiar situations and in everday, face-to-face communication

Answer 26

2-4 yrs

Question 27

at what age group does this cognitive attainment occur? | distinguishes animate beings from inanimate objects; denies that majic can alter everday experiences

Answer 27

2-4 yrs

Question 28

at what age group does this cognitive attainment occur? grasps conservation, notices transformations, reverses thinking, and understands many cause-and-effect relationships in familar contexts

Answer 28

2-4 yrs

Question 29

at what age group does this cognitive attainment occur? categorizes objects on the basis of common functions and behavior and devises idease about inderlying characteristics that category members share.

Answer 29

2-4 yrs

Question 30

at what age group does this cognitive attainment occur? | sorts familiar objects into hierarchically organized categories

Answer 30

2-4 yrs

Question 31

at what age group does this cognitive attainment occur? | distinguishes appearence from reality

Answer 31

2-4 yrs

Question 32

at what age group does this cognitive attainment occur? | becomes increasingly aware that make-believe (and other thought processes) are representational activities

Answer 32

4-7 yrs

Question 33

replaces magical beliefs about fairies, goblins, and events that violate expectations with plausible explanations

Answer 33

4-7 yrs

Question 34

at what age group does this cognitive attainment occur? | solves verbal appearance-reality problems, signifying a more secure understanding

Answer 34

4-7 yrs