Week 6: Healthcare team

Question 1

Define a PA

Answer 1

Medical providers who: diagnose illness, develop, manage treatment plans, prescribe medications, imaging studies, interpret them and often serve as the patient’s principal healthcare provider.

Question 2

PAs:
1) Practice in >____specialties
2) Median age _____yo
3) What is the female: male ratio?

Answer 2

1) >69
2) 41yo
3) 70:30

Question 3

List the top 3 PA specialities

Answer 3

FM, ER, Ortho surgery

Question 4

There are CAQ*s in what?

Answer 4

ER, CVTS, hospital med, nephrology, peds, psychiatry, derm, occupational med, palliative/hospice, OB/GYN, orthopedic surgery, (geriatric coming soon)

Question 5

True or false: There are few anesthesiology PAs

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The name Physician Associate was voted down by AMA for years, but voted for in Spring _________

Answer 6

2021

Question 7

PA vs NP: Which is the best fit for an individual depends on what?

Answer 7

Your previous education, your previous experience, and your career goals

Question 8

Describe PA vs NP

Answer 8

1) Some overlap
2) Distinct in education
3) Initial certification
4) Maintenance of certification
5) Licensure

Question 9

Describe PA vs NP education

Answer 9

1) NP school av $40k, PA $115 (tuition only)
2) NP can work during program, can go part time
-PA: no working, only FT programs
(not anymore)
3) NP clinical rotations 500-700hrs
-PA clinical rotations 2,000hrs
4) PA recert Q 10yrs
-NP no re-cert
5) NP picks a focus in program, cannot work anywhere, some lateral movement
-PA generalist teaching, can work with all pt populations

Question 10

There are ____ PA Hybrid programs

Answer 10

14

Question 11

List some similarities between NP and PA programs

Answer 11

1) Both are well respected roles for men and women who want to have an integral part in the medical field without going to medical school
2) Both are Master prepared programs- NP moving toward doctorate (PA too?)
3) Both see patients independently, diagnose problems, develop treatment plans, order lab and imaging tests and interpret those results, and see patients in follow up
4) Both can work as “first assist” in surgery (most NPs do not)

Question 12

Both PAs and NPs must successfully pass their national board exam to be able to practice, AND PAs must have _________CME Q 2 yrs to maintain practice (50 from Cat 1)

Answer 12

100

Question 13

NPs 1000 hours of clinical practice time q 5 years (200hrs/yr=5 weeks of work) AND NPs must have ________CE hours Q 2 years (varies by state)

Answer 13

0-30

Question 14

Give the basic outline of the NP path

Answer 14

BSN undergrad
New programs can go straight from RN into NP w/ no clinical experience
Pass the NCLEX

Question 15

How long does it take to be an NP? Explain

Answer 15

Six to eight years
1) Nurse practitioners are highly educated professionals within the medical field and often provide primary care and other high-level medical services to patients. 2) Becoming anurse practitionertypically takes anywhere from six to eight years of education and training

Question 16

How long does it take to become a PA? Explain

Answer 16

Approx. 26 months
1) Most programs are approximately 26 months (3 academic years) and award master’s degrees.
2) They include classroom instruction and clinical rotations.

Question 17

AAPA Officially Recommends Title Change to “_______________________.“; voted against Spring 2021

Answer 17

Medical Care Practitioner

Question 18

True or false: most NP programs will allow students to stop and start as needed

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false: ALL PAs must work “in collaboration” with a MD or DO (not necessarily in the same practice location) and MOST NPs choose to as well

Answer 19

True

Question 20

How many states have complete OTP for PAs? (i.e. PAs have independence)

Answer 20

6

Question 21

In ______ states, plus DC, NPs can function completely autonomously (without MD support or supervision)

Answer 21

26

Question 22

Additional states are working on legislature to allow independent practice for NPs; PAs are striving along same lines, but it’s harder because under __________________ (OTP)*

Answer 22

medical board supervision

Question 23

In most states, SPs are responsible to supervise prescribing privileges for the _______ and _____ they work with (particularly scheduled drugs)

Answer 23

PAs and NPs

Question 24

Differentiate between PA and NP licensing

Answer 24

PAs are licensed through each state’s medical licensing board

NPs are licensed through each state’s board of nursing

Question 25

PAs follow a “________ model” which focuses more strongly on the biologic and pathologic components of care as they diagnose and treat disease states

Answer 25

medical

Question 26

NPs graduate from advanced nursing programs and follow a “__________-centered” model, focusing on holistic care in addition to diagnosis and treatment of disease states

Answer 26

patient

Question 27

List the main PA clinicals "you guys should know this"

Answer 27

OBGYN Pediatrics Emergency Medicine Surgery Family Medicine Internal Medicine Behavioral Health Electives

Question 28

Who are Assistant Physicians (Dr.)?

Answer 28

1) Unmatched international medical school graduates (IMG) 2) Medical school graduates (mostly foreign) are unable to place in US residencies 3) These graduates have created a niche license known as the assistant physician (AP)

Question 29

Assistant Physician (Dr.): Describe their role

Answer 29

1) Must have collaborating physician 2) Practice bills/gets reimbursement as a Physician Assistant BUT they do not need to pass the PANCE/PANRE 3) Most have poor USMLE scores 4) Taking PA/NP jobs

Question 30

Describe the role of respiratory therapists

Answer 30

1) Pts w/chronic respiratory dz: asthma, bronchitis, emphysema 2) Sleep disorders, preemies, CF 3) Practice under MD/DO

Question 31

Describe the role of RTs

Answer 31

1) Diagnostic testing: lung and breathing disorders and recommending treatment methods chest physical exams to determine what kind of therapy is best for their condition 3) Recommend a change in therapy 4) Analyzing breath, tissue, and blood specimens to determine levels of oxygen and other gases

Question 32

Respiratory therapy is provided where?

Answer 32

1) Acute care hospitals (75%) 2) Diagnostic laboratories 3) Sleep disorder centers 4) Rehabilitation, long-term acute care and skilled nursing facilities -Patients’ homes; patient transport systems; physicians’ offices; convalescent and retirement centers; educational institutions; wellness centers

Question 33

Radiology Technician/Rad Tech: What is their role?

Answer 33

Operate the machinery, position patients for optimum results and perform the tests that create digital images of the body such as x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans or mammograms used for diagnosing illness

Question 34

Describe the role of RD/RDNs

Answer 34

1) Must apply/get matched “match day”; National Board Certifying exam 2) Prescribe MNT-medical nutrition therapy, NFPE, some state place NG tubes 3) CEUs annually 4) State license = LD 5) Have specialties

Question 35

There is no legal definition for a _____________in 48 states; you can become one by taking a 1-hour online course.

Answer 35

Nutritionist

Question 36

List some different types of nurses

Answer 36

1) RNs 2) CRNAs 3) Nurse midwives 4) NPs 5) LPN/ LVN

Question 37

Describe the role of CNAs

Answer 37

1) Certificate program + state exam- written & clinical part 2) Common in urgent cares, inpt, outpt, long-term care, home health, adult daycares, rehab

Question 38

Describe the role of MAs

Answer 38

1) Certificate program 9-12mo; 12mo-Medical Assisting diploma 2) Urgent cares, inpt, outpt, ER 3) PCT-pt care technician-similar

Question 39

List some misc. responsibilities of CNAs

Answer 39

-Turning or repositioning patients -Gathering supplies for the RN or MD/PA-C -Obtaining vital signs per protocol -Answering patient calls/bells -Bathing patients -Documentation of information obtained -Feeding patients, measuring and recording their food and liquid intake -Combing hair, shaving, caring for nails and brushing teeth -Cleaning rooms and bed linens -Stock supplies -Prepare rooms for admissions  -Helping with medical procedures -Dressing wounds -Assisting patients with elimination

Question 40

Describe the role of EMTs (Emergency Medical Technician)

Answer 40

Basic medical care & CPR (120hr course)

Question 41

Describe the role of paramedics

Answer 41

Have EMT-B (6mo) ALS trained IVF Administer meds Birthing baby Advanced resp procedures State licensing exam

Question 42

Describe the role of pharmacists

Answer 42

1) 3-4 yrs of school; National exam-NAPLEX 2) Outpt, inpt, part of inpt TPN committee 3) Extra layer of protection for rxs

Question 43

Children with physical disabilities may need an ____________________ therapist to help them develop the coordination needed to feed themselves, use a computer or improve their handwriting.

Answer 43

occupational

Question 44

List the different types of rehabilitation care

Answer 44

1) Inpatient 2) Outpatient 3) Occupational 4) Physical 5) Speech

Question 45

1) Define inpatient rehab 2) Give examples

Answer 45

1) Tx or therapy received in a hospital prior to hospital discharge 2) Amputation Brain injury/stroke Spinal cord injury

Question 46

Give examples of outpatient rehab patients

Answer 46

1) Neck/back pain 2) Speech 3) Psychological disorders 4) Cardiac rehab

Question 47

What do OTs (occupational therapists) do? Give examples

Answer 47

1) Assistance to pts for everyday activities or “occupations” 2) Eating, dressing, brushing teeth, school activities

Question 48

An individual who has lost the ability to hold a fork due to an injury may work with a __________________ therapist to regain grip strength and modify movements so that they can feed themselves independently.

Answer 48

occupational

Question 49

PT (physical therapy): 1) What is it? 2) Give examples of their responsibilities

Answer 49

1) Treatment for those who are experiencing pain or difficulty in functioning; focus on **movement** 2) Moving or living life normally; relieve pain; improvement movement; provide rehabilitation after a stroke; injury or surgery

Question 50

Give examples of when a pt might need a physical therapist (PT)

Answer 50

1) Assist in recovery after giving birth-pelvic floor exercises 2) Assist in the recovery of sports-related injuries 3) Teach individuals how to use devices such as walkers and canes

Question 51

PT examples: Give examples of special exercises and stretches designed to relieve pain, improve mobility or regain strength

Answer 51

1) Massage, heat or cold therapy or ultrasound to ease muscle pain and spasms 2) Rehab and exercises to help you learn to use an artificial limb 3) Practicing with gadgets that assist in movement or balance, such as canes, crutches, walkers or wheelchairs 4) Balance and gait retraining 5) Pain management 6) Cardiovascular strengthening 7) Casting, splinting, burn care or use of orthotics (braces or splints)

Question 52

List some of the jobs of STs (speech therapists)

Answer 52

1) Language 2) Communication 3) Voice 4) Swallowing and fluency

Question 53

Define the following conditions that may be treated by speech therapists (STs): 1) Dyslexia 2) Dyspraxia 3) Aphasia

Answer 53

1) Difficulty reading accurately and fluently 2) Difficulty controlling muscle function for movement, coordination, language or speech 3) A loss of ability to understand or express speech due to brain damage

Question 54

Define the following conditions that may be treated by speech therapists (STs): 1) Dysphagia 2) Articulation problems 3) Fluency problems 4) Resonance or voice problems

Answer 54

1) Difficulty swallowing 2) Difficulty speaking clearly and making errors in sounds 3) Difficulty with the flow of speech, such as stuttering 4) Difficulty with voice pitch, volume and quality

Question 55

Who will help with Oral feeding problems (difficulty with eating, swallowing or drooling)?

Answer 55

STs

Question 56

Give some examples of populations with oral feeding problems

Answer 56

Parkinson’s disease Cerebral palsy Cleft palate Down syndrome Multiple sclerosis Huntington’s disease Cancer of the head, neck or throat Post-CVA