Week 8- Infertility in the Stallion Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is the function of the vaginal tunics in the stallion
They surround the testicle and provide structural support and protection including a space where hydroceles can form
What is a hydrocele in a stallion
A collection of serous fluid between the visceral and parietal vaginal tunics that causes non painful scrotal swelling
What are common causes of hydrocele in stallions
Trauma ascites lymphatic obstruction or idiopathic fluid accumulation
How is hydrocele diagnosed in stallions
By ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration confirming fluid in the vaginal tunic
What is the most common testicular tumour in stallions
Seminoma which is usually benign but may impair testicular function
What tumour is most commonly found in cryptorchid testes
Teratoma which is often benign but abnormal and associated with undescended testes
What does testicular hypoplasia mean in stallions
A congenital condition where the testes are underdeveloped resulting in low sperm count despite normal libido
What breed is predisposed to testicular hypoplasia
Welsh ponies due to a genetic tendency toward reproductive underdevelopment
What is the clinical sign of testicular hypoplasia in stallions
Small soft testes with normal semen volume but low sperm concentration and motility
Is there a treatment for congenital testicular hypoplasia
No treatment is available and affected stallions should not be used for breeding
What is testicular degeneration in stallions
Acquired deterioration of testicular function leading to reduced sperm output and abnormal morphology
How is testicular degeneration treated in stallions
By identifying and removing the underlying cause such as infection trauma or thermal injury
What is orchitis in a stallion
Inflammation of the testicle which is hot painful and swollen and may be associated with systemic signs like fever
What are common causes of orchitis
Trauma bacterial infection viral infection autoimmune disease or parasitism
How is orchitis treated in stallions
With NSAIDs antibiotics sexual rest and supportive care such as cryotherapy
What is paraphimosis in a stallion
Inability to retract the penis into the prepuce which can follow trauma sedation or neurological injury
What complications can arise from paraphimosis
Swelling exposure and infection of the penis and in severe cases long term erectile dysfunction
What causes haematoma of the penis in stallions
Trauma during erection or breeding leading to rupture of blood vessels and accumulation of blood
What is equine coital exanthema
A self limiting venereal disease caused by equine herpesvirus 3 presenting as poxlike lesions on the penis
How is equine coital exanthema treated
Sexual rest and application of emollient creams to keep the area moist and reduce discomfort
How long does coital exanthema take to resolve
Usually within 3 to 5 weeks with no long term effects if treated appropriately
What is equine viral arteritis EVA
A notifiable disease caused by equine arteritis virus affecting reproductive and respiratory systems
How is EVA transmitted
Through respiratory secretions venereal contact and infected semen during artificial insemination
What are the clinical signs of EVA
Fever oedema nasal discharge conjunctivitis and in stallions persistent infection and shedding in semen
