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promotion of health & wellness > weight management > Flashcards

weight management Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

body weight: genes affect

A

body shape and size
body fat distribution
metabolic rate
set point theory

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2
Q

set point theory

A

the body is designed to maintain a healthy and generally stable weight within a narrow range, or at a “set point” despite the variability in energy intake and expenditure

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3
Q

the amount of fat the body stores is a function of

A

number and size of adipose cells

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4
Q

the ___ of fat cells remains stable, the ___ change during periods of weight loss and gain

A

number, size

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5
Q

fat cells secrete

A

hormones, other chemical signals related to appetite, metabolism, immunity

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6
Q

sum of all the processes by which food energy and nutrients are used by the body

A

metabolism

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7
Q

largest component of metabolism

A

RMR

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8
Q

energy required to maintain vital body functions while the body is at rest

A

RMR

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9
Q

primary determinant of RMR is

A

amount of muscle mass

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10
Q

a higher RMR means that the person

A

burns more calories while at rest and can take in more calories without gaining weight

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11
Q

If energy intake declines and weight is lost, the body responds by trying to

A

conserve energy, reducing both RMR and the energy required to perform physical tasks

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12
Q

secreted by fat cells and carried to the brain signaling the size of fat stores

A

leptin

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13
Q

leptin regulates

A

appetite

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14
Q

low calorie diets reduce leptin and increase

A

appetite

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15
Q

released by the stomach and responsible for increasing appetite

A

gherkin

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16
Q

released by beta cells of pancreas and regulates appetite and fat storage

A

insulin

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17
Q

human intestine houses millions of bacteria that form in the

A

intestinal flora

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18
Q

bacteria help digest food and produce vitamins like

A

K

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19
Q

diets in ultra-processed foods are linked to

A

low diversity of gut bacteria

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20
Q

proliferation of bacteria responsible for

A

increased energy absorption and hormonal signaling increasing appetite

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21
Q

short sleep duration and sleep debt are associated with

A

abdominal adiposity
increased inflammation
elevated ghrelin
reduced leptin
impaired insulin sensitivity

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22
Q

obesogenic environment

A

promotes overconsumption of calories and discourages physical activity

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23
Q

more important determinants on health than weight

A

body composition, fat distribution, health behaviors

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24
Q

methods used to assess body size

A

body composition, BMI, body fat distribution

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25
fat free mass
nonfat bone, water, muscle, connective tissue, organs
26
fat mass
essential fat, adipose tissue, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat
27
essential fat
located in nerves, brain, organs
28
essential fat % men and women
3-5, 8-12
29
adipose tissue
fat cells
30
subcutaneous fat
under the skin
31
visceral fat
around major organs
32
proportion of the body's total weight that is fat
body fat percentage
33
what is the only precise way to know exactly how much fat someone has
cadaver analysis
34
estimating fat mass
bioelectrical impedance skinfold scanning
35
bioelectrical impedance analysis
measure of resistance to electrical current through tissues
36
how does BIA measure body fat
how fast the electrical wave moves fat is poor, moves slower water and muscle are strong, move faster
37
BIA protocol includes
food, fluid, exercise guidelines
38
skinfold measurement
calipers are used to measure subcutaneous fat specialized sits on the body
39
skinfold measurement theory
subcutaneous fat is proportional to total body fat
40
skinfold measurement accuracy
depends on practitioner
41
most accurate but most expensive test estimating fat
scanning techniques
42
gold standard scanning technique
CT scan
43
scanning techniques
CT, MRI, DEXA, dual photon absorpiometry
44
BMI not developed to me
health assessment tool
45
BMI equation
weight (lbs)/height (in)^2 x 703.1 weight (kg)/height (m)^2
46
BMI classifications: underweight
<18.5
47
BMI classifications: normal weight
18.5-24.9
48
BMI classifications: overweight
25-29.9
49
BMI classifications: obesity class I
30-34.9
50
BMI classifications: obesity class II
35-39.9
51
BMI classifications: obesity class III
40+
52
BMI concerns: black women
more lean mass, higher bone density; over classification and stigma
53
BMI concerns: asian Americans
lean body mass, under classification
54
blood markers in test that are a better health assessment tool
glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides
55
body fat distribution assessments
waist circumference, waist to hip ratio
56
waist circumference increased disease risk
men >40 women >35
57
waist to hip ratio
waist circumference/hip circumference
58
increased disease risk waist to hip ratio
men>.4 women >.82
59
fat storage locations (shapes)
apple/android pear/gynoid
60
apple/android shape
abdomen, visceral fat
61
which fat storage shape has increased risk of HTN, diabetes, CVD, cancer, death
apple
62
pear/gynoid shape
hips, buttocks, thighs
63
healthy lifestyle behaviors
dietary patterns, physical activity, psychological health
64
very low body fat health impact
reproductive disorders, circulatory disorders, cardiovascular disorders, immune system disorders
65
very high body fat health impact
type II diabetes, CVD, pregnancy complications, metabolic syndrome
66
mental representation a person holds about his or her body, consisting of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, emotions
body image
67
dissatisfaction with the body in general or some part of the body in particular
negative body image
68
severe body image disorders
body dysmorphic disorder muscle dysmorphia
69
body dysmorphic disorder
extreme dissatisfaction with body image
70
body dysmorphic disorder related to
OCD, can lead to depression, social phobia, suicide
71
muscle dysmorphia
disorder experienced by some body builders and other active people who see themselves as small and out of shape despite being very muscular
72
psychological disorders characterized by severe disturbances in body image, eating patterns, and eating-related behaviors
eating disorders
73
types of eating disorders
anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa bing-eating disorder other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)
74
90% of eating disorders begin in
adolescence
75
anorexia nervosa
does not eat enough food to maintain a reasonable body weight
76
characteristics of anorexia nervosa
fear of gaining weight or becoming fat distorted self-image compulsive behaviors excessive exercise
77
health risks of anorexia
cold intolerance low BP, HR dry skin, swelling hand and feet stop menstruating medical complications depression, OCD, anxiety
78
bulimia nervosa
engages in recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging
79
characteristics of bulimia nervosa
rapid consumption of food, followed by purging eating in secret after a bing, feeling ashamed, distinguished, physically drained, emotionally spent
80
bulimia nervosa health risks
eroded tooth decay deficient calorie intake liver and kidney damage cardiac arrhythmia chronic hoarseness esophageal tearing rupture of stomach menstrual problems depression
81
binge eating disorder
uncontrollable eating followed by feelings of guilt and shame about weight gain
82
characteristics of bing eating disorder
rapid eating eating until uncontrollably full eating when not hungry preferring to eat alone eating used as a way of coping
83
binge eating health risks
likely to have obesity high rates of depression and anxiety
84
feeding or eating disorders that do not meet diagnostic criteria tor anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating disorder may be classified as
OSFED
85
other types of ED
atypical anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa with limited duration purging disorder night eating syndrome ARFID orthorexia
86
ED treatment
complex processes with a team of healthcare practitioners must treat psychological, behavioral, health

promotion of health & wellness (15 decks)

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