WINTER Chapter 15: Therapies

Question 1

What is any psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person’s personality, behaviour, or adjustment?

Answer 1

Psychotherapy

Question 2

What is the Freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing exploration of the unconscious using free association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts?

Answer 2

Psychoanalysis

Question 3

What is the psychoanalytic technique of encouraging a patient to say whatever comes to mind without censoring?

Answer 3

Free association

Question 4

What is blockage in the flow of free association around topics the client avoids thinking or talking about?

Answer 4

Resistance

Question 5

What is the tendency of patients to transfer to a therapist feelings that correspond to those the patient had for important persons in his or her past?

Answer 5

Transference

Question 6

What is any therapy that stresses the importance of understanding the origins of a psychological disorder, usually unresolved unconscious conflicts?

Answer 6

Insight therapy

Question 7

What is any therapy that stresses directly changing troublesome thoughts and/or behaviors without regard for their origins, unconscious or otherwise?

Answer 7

Action therapy

Question 8

What is any therapy that stresses the need for the therapist to lead the patient toward a resolution of his or her psychological distress?

Answer 8

Directive therapy

Question 9

What is any therapy in which the therapist supports the client while the client gains insight into his or her own problems and their resolution?

Answer 9

Nondirective therapy

Question 10

What is psychological treatment involving several unrelated clients?

Answer 10

Group therapy

Question 11

What is a therapy in which clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others who play supporting roles?

Answer 11

Psychodrama

Question 12

What is taking the role of another person to learn how one’s own behavior appears from the other person’s perspective?

Answer 12

Role reversal

Question 13

What is observing another person reenact one’s own behavior, like a character in a play; designed to help persons see themselves more clearly?

Answer 13

Mirror technique

Question 14

What is treatment of a group of related individuals that focuses on interpersonal dynamics and communication?

Answer 14

Family therapy

Question 15

What is a caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the client’s problems?

Answer 15

Therapeutic alliance

Question 16

What is a therapist who has the awareness, knowledge, and skills necessary to treat clients from diverse cultural backgrounds?

Answer 16

Culturally skilled therapist

Question 17

What is the improvement of symptoms due to the mere passage of time?

Answer 17

Spontaneous remission

Question 18

What is the an improvement caused not by the actual process of therapy but by a client’s expectation that therapy will help?

Answer 18

Therapy placebo effect

Question 19

What is any therapy designed to actively change behaviour?

Answer 19

Behaviour therapy

Question 20

What is the application of learning principles to change human behavior, especially maladaptive behavior?

Answer 20

Behaviour modification (applied behaviour analysis)

Question 21

What is treatment to reduce unwanted behavior by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus?

Answer 21

Aversion therapy

Question 22

What is alleviating fears and phobias (conditioned emotional responses) by using classical conditioning extinction?

Answer 22

Exposure therapy

Question 23

What is a form of exposure therapy in which clients are exposed to the object of their fears beginning with examples that provoke the most extreme responses?

Answer 23

Flooding

Question 24

What is a reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion brought about by planned exposure to aversive stimuli?

Answer 24

Systematic desensitization

Question 25

What is the presence of one emotional state can inhibit the occurrence of another, such as joy preventing fear or anxiety inhibiting pleasure?

Answer 25

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 26

What is a procedure for systematically achieving deep relaxation of the body?

Answer 26

Tension-release method

Question 27

What is a list of fears, arranged from least fearful to most fearful, for use in systematic desensitization?

Answer 27

Fear hierarchy

Question 28

What is the use of computer-generated images to present fear stimuli while responding to a viewer’s head movements and other input?

Answer 28

Virtual reality exposure

Question 29

What is a form of exposure therapy in which clients observe models displaying adaptive behavior toward their feared object?

Answer 29

Modeling

Question 30

What is behavior modification in which desired behaviors earn objects that can be exchanged for positive reinforcers?

Answer 30

Token economy

Question 31

What is the treatment of emotional and behavioral problems by changing maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and feeling?

Answer 31

Cognitive therapy

Question 32

What is perceiving only certain stimuli among a larger array of possibilities?

Answer 32

Selective perception

Question 33

What is blowing a single event out of proportion by extending it to a large number of unrelated situations?

Answer 33

Overgeneralization

Question 34

What is classifying objects or events as absolutely right or wrong, good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable, and so forth?

Answer 34

All-or-nothing thinking

Question 35

What is any therapy that combines elements of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy?

Answer 35

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)

Question 36

What is the type of treatment designed to identify and change self-defeating thoughts?

Answer 36

Rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)

Question 37

What is the use of aversive stimuli to interrupt or prevent upsetting thoughts?

Answer 37

Thought stopping

Question 38

What is insight-oriented therapies that help clients better understand themselves with the goal of maximizing their potential?

Answer 38

Humanistic therapies

Question 39

What is it when an individual being treated talks without direction, judgment, or interpretation from the therapist?

Answer 39

Client-centered (person-centered) therapy

Question 40

What is having complete, unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is?

Answer 40

Unconditional positive regard

Question 41

What is a capacity for taking another’s point of view; the ability to feel what another is feeling?

Answer 41

Empathy

Question 42

What is, in Carl Rogers’s terms, the ability of a therapist to be genuine and honest about his or her own feelings?

Answer 42

Authenticity

Question 43

What is, in client-centered therapy, the process of rephrasing or repeating thoughts and feelings expressed by clients so that they can become aware of what they are saying?

Answer 43

Reflection

Question 44

What is an insight therapy that focuses on the elemental problems of existence, such as death, meaning, choice, and responsibility; emphasizes making courageous life choices?

Answer 44

Existential therapy

Question 45

What is an approach that focuses on immediate experience and awareness to help clients rebuild thinking, feeling, and acting into connected wholes; emphasizes the integration of fragmented experiences?

Answer 45

Gestalt therapy

Question 46

What is the use of drugs to treat psychopathology?

Answer 46

Pharmacotherapy

Question 47

What are medications that may alleviate hallucinations and delusional thinking associated with mental disorders?

Answer 47

Antipsychotic drugs (major tranquilizers)

Question 48

What are medications that produce relaxation or reduce anxiety?

Answer 48

Antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics or minor tranquilizers)

Question 49

What are medications that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters?

Answer 49

Antidepressant drugs

Question 50

What are medications that combat bipolar disorder by leveling mood swings?

Answer 50

Mood stabilizers

Question 51

What are medications used to calm attention deficit hyperactivity disorder even though they arouse the nervous system?

Answer 51

Stimulants (as drugs to treat ADHD)

Question 52

What is treatment for severe depression in which electrical current is applied to the brain, causing a seizure?

Answer 52

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 53

What is electrical stimulation of precisely targeted brain regions? It is a surgical procedure is necessary to implant electrodes in the brain that allow for the stimulation.

Answer 53

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Question 54

What is a device that uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific parts of the brain?

Answer 54

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 55

What is any surgical alteration of the brain designed to bring about desirable behavioral or emotional changes?

Answer 55

Psychosurgery

Question 56

What is placing a person in a protected, therapeutic environment staffed by mental health professionals?

Answer 56

Psychiatric hospitalization

Question 57

What is the reduced use of full-time commitment to mental institutions to treat mental disorders?

Answer 57

Deinstitutionalization

Question 58

What is a community-based facility for individuals making the transition from an institution (mental hospital, prison, and so forth) to independent living?

Answer 58

Halfway house

Question 59

What is a facility offering a wide range of mental health services, such as prevention, counseling, consultation, and crisis intervention?

Answer 59

Community mental health center

Question 60

What is the skilled management of a psychological emergency?

Answer 60

Crisis intervention

Question 61

What is an individual who works in a near-professional capacity under the supervision of a more highly trained person?

Answer 61

Paraprofessional

Question 62

What is any bodily therapy, such as drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery?

Answer 62

Somatic therapy

Question 63

What is a nonprofessional person who has learned basic counseling skills?

Answer 63

Peer counselor

Question 64

What is a group of people who share a particular type of problem and provide mutual support to one another?

Answer 64

Self-help group